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Country Report – Sri LankaPresented by
Eng. M. H. M. A. BandaraDeputy Director/FMRC
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Introduction
Agricultural based economy Agriculture plays a dominant role in economy Contribution of agriculture to the economy has been declining The main reason is the traditional system involved in food production.
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General InformationArea: 65,610 km²Average Temperature
Lowlands: Average between 22°C - 33°CCentral Highlands: Average between 7°C - 21°C
Main CropsPaddyVegetablesFruitsCoconutTeaRubberMinor export crops
Average Annual Rainfall – 1900 millimeters
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Economic & Social Importance of Agriculture
Higher GDP contribution (20.1%)Land utilization – 1.4 mil.haEmployments- less than 30%Food securitySource of calories
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Institutions involved in Agriculture Research & Development
Department of Agriculture (Includes Mechanization, FMRC)Tea Research InstituteRubber Research InstituteCoconut Research InstituteExport Agriculture DepartmentSugarcane Research Institute IPHT (Includes Mechanization)National Engineering Research and Development Centre.
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Private sector involvement in Agriculture
Supply of inputs- Machinery, Fertilizer, Agro-chemicals, Seeds and Planting materialsCredit facilities – Private banksPurchasing & distributionOn farm research- few private companies
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Agricultural Engineering Research & Development
Farm Mechanization research Centre (FMRC), Maha Illuppallama,Institute of Post Harvest Technology (IPHT), Anuradhapura,National Engineering Research & Development Centre (NERDC), Ekala,Farm Mechanization Training Centre (FMTC), Anuradhapura
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Research Thrust Area
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Conservation Agriculture
Minimum damage to the soil and environment Practicing minimum tillage or no-till farmingUse of low fuel consumed and low emission enginesUse of micro irrigation systems to preserve water and increase water use efficiency
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Food Chain ManagementThe losses in rice sector is about 25% and in vegetable and fruits about 40%Use of appropriate Post Harvest Technology to Prevent the deterioration in quality due to adoption of improper post harvest handling,
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Food Chain Management….
Value addition in food processing to prevent the nutritional losses and thereby increase the nutritional states of the country.Improve farm level storage and preservation facilities Face the global trend
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Renewable Energy and Bio-fuels
Wind EnergyUsed only for pumping waterNot much popular Solar EnergyWind Energy
Solar EnergyUsed to dry food commoditiesScientific dehydration of perishable food needs further attentionHigh initial cost
Bio – fuelsR & D is being done to extract Bio – Fuel for industrial and agricultural use
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Agro Based Enterprise Development
Establishment of linkages between producers, processors, dealers, exporters and government institutionsCollaborations with provincial councils, NGOs, business community and other relevant interest groupsCollection of information on crop production, processing and marketing for dissemination to potential usersKeeping clients informed on services provided by the DOAEstablishment of a database on commodity prices.
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Food Security
Farmer as well as farming has to be changed to succeed strategies directed towards achieving food securitySteps have been taken collect information on various aspects
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Problems in Rice Cultivation
Total Farmer families - 1,800,000Families depend on rice
cultivation - 800,000 80% of these families are still in subsistence levelHigh production costLow profit margin
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Measures to Increase Profit Margin in Rice Cultivation
Reduce input cost (labour, machinery, agro-chemicals, fertilizer etc)Increase labour and land productivityIncrease cropping intensityIncrease yield through timely cultivation, high yielding varieties, proper land preparation, increasing fertilizer efficiencyReduce pre & post harvest losses and increase quality of productionMake maximum use of seasonal rain falls
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Proposal to establish machinery hiring centers
Problems to own the machineryPoor purchasing powerSeasonal usage of machineryLack of infrastructural facilitiesDifficulty in obtaining financial facilitiesMany machines are single purposeLack of after sales services
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Proposal to establish machinery hiring centers….
Problems on hiring machineryNon availability of machines at close proximity to the farmsLack of awareness on available technologyHigh and varying hiring chargesSome machine owners are reluctant to hire their machineryInsufficient machinery to cater the demand
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Machineries for Paddy Cultivation
01. Plant EstablishmentLowland Paddy Seeders
Drum SeederLowland Seeder
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Machineries for Paddy Cultivation …….
01. Plant Establishment …..Paddy Transplanters
Manual Transplanter Motorized Transplanter
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Machineries for Paddy Cultivation ……
02. Weed Control
Manual WeederMotorized Weeder
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Machineries for Paddy Cultivation ……
03. Irrigation
Axial Flow Water Pump
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Machineries for Paddy Cultivation ……
04. Harvesting & Threshing
Combine Harvester Attachment
High Capacity Thresher for 12 hp
Power TillerReaper Attachment
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Machineries for Paddy Cultivation ……
05. Seed Processing
Mini Seed Cleaner
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Machineries for Other Field Crop Cultivation
01. Plant EstablishmentHighland Seeders
Manual Highland Seeder
Seeder for small seeds
Two wheel tractor coupled seeder
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Machineries for Other Field Crop Cultivation ……
02. Mechanical Weeder
Swing Blade Type Weeder
(Swiss Hoe)
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Machineries for Other Field Crop Cultivation ……
03. Harvesting & Processing
Groundnut Sheller (Motorized)
Groundnut Sheller (Manual)
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Machineries for Other Field Crop Cultivation ……
03. Harvesting & Processing ……
Pulse Splitting Machine
Onion Seed Processing Machine
Multi Crop Thresher
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Machineries for Horticultural Crops
01. Pruning Tools
For tall trees For Lime
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1. Fruit Harvesting Tools
Machineries for Horticultural Crops ……
Castle Type Fruit Harvester
Hook Type Fruit Harvester
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Technology Promoted by Institute of Post Harvest Technology
01. DryersTHE IRRI DR- 1 BATCH DRYER
Low cost dryer for grains
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Technology Promoted by Institute of Post Harvest Technology ……
01. Dryers ……
Solar Assisted Biomass fired dryer for dehydration of Agricultural Products
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Technology Promoted by Institute of Post Harvest Technology ……
02. Rice Flaking Machine
03. Rice De-stoner for Domestic Use
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Technology Promoted by Private Sector
01. Battery Operated Knapsack Type Sprayer
02. Neem Seed Solution Extractor
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Agricultural Policy
Recently the Government decided to promote organic farming in order to protect the
environment by providing subsidies for all inputs. The Government has also started a
scheme for granting duty free concession for the importation of new machinery utilizing
advanced technology to utilize environmental protection and industrial pollution
management.
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