Coping with Food Crisis and Climate Change: Grassroots
Experiences and Best Practices
Chito P. Medina
Farmer-Scientist Partnership for Development (MASIPAG), Philippineshttp://www.masipag.orgEmail: [email protected]
I. Making use of Biodiversity
A. Conserve Biodiversity B. Utilization of Biodiversity
MASIPAG uses biodiversity for food security:
Seed as adaptation:1,090 Traditional Rice Varieties collected 1,069 Masipag rice developed75 Native Corn Varieties collected
Rice in different shapes, colors, flavors, adaptations
Rice Breeding by Farmers
67 farmer-breeders (2005)
273 rice crosses developed
Characteristic /
AdaptationTraditional
rice varietiesMasipag
rice
High tillering capacity - 42
Good ratooning ability - 24
Long panicles 11 11
Low fertility soils 12 36
Saltwater tolerance - 12
Pest/disease resistance
6 17
Glutinous 84 29
Red / Violet 152 79
Number of Traditional Rice Varieties (TRVs) and Masipag rice with desired characteristics.
Diversified farm
Soil Fertility Management
II. Develop Technology, Democratize Technology
Technology by the farmer, of the farmer, for the farmer
Incorporate Indigenous/Local Knowledge
Malleable / contextualized technology (not black box technology)
Control modelconventional approach
Adaptation modelorganic approach
• focus on single issues• overruling variation• continuous monitoring• direct interference• static balance.
• focus on the system• exploiting variation• stimulating self regulation • indirect management• dynamic balance.
(Ten Napel et al., 2006; WUR/LBI)
Control versus adaptation approach
Carabao driven rotary used in rice farming by Abraham of Sultan Kudarat
Farmer Developed and Adapted Technologies
Pangi leaves used as botanical pest control by Doming of Zamboanga del Sur
Luzon (81):Nueva Ecija: 8, Pangasinan: 2, Zambales:1, Camarines Sur: 13, Occidental Mindoro: 10, Nueva Viscaya: 9, Isabela: 18, Cagayan: 1, Quezon: 14, Pampanga: 1; Antipolo: 2; Abra: 2
Visayas (81):Negros Occidental: 29, Negros Oriental: 1, Iloïlo: 10, Antique: 17, Aklan: 1, Cebu: 2, Leyte: 10, Bohol: 1; Capiz: 5; Eastern Samar: 5
Mindanao (61):North Cotabato: 5, Agusan del Norte: 1; Davao City: 1, Davao del Sur: 1; Lanao Norte: 2, Zamboanga del Sur: 3, Zamboanga del Norte: 15; Misamis Oriental: 1, Bukidnon: 6; Compostela Valley: 1; Maguindanao: 3; South Cotabato: 3; Sultan Kudarat: 2; Surigao del Norte: 5; Zamboanga Sibugay: 11
Farmer-Managed Trial Farms in 49 Provinces
III. Farmer-Led Approach
Incorporate social solutions Active farmers’ organization
> sharing and support system to other farmers
PO Members Luzon: 90 POsNueva Ecija: 8, Pangasinan: 9, Zambales: 7,
Camarines Sur: 16, Occidental Mindoro: 1, Nueva Viscaya: 11, Isabela: 6, Cagayan: 2, Quezon: 7, Pampanga: 1; Rizal: 1; Abra: 2; Kalinga/Apayao: 3; Laguna: 1
Visayas: 174 POsNegros Occidental: 95, Iloïlo: 18, Antique: 13, Aklan:
12, Leyte: 7, Bohol: 1; Capiz: 12; Southern Leyte: 16
Mindanao: 390 POsAgusan del Norte: 34; Agusan Sur: 35; Bukidnon: 26;
Compostela Valley: 1; Davao City: 39; Davao Norte: 29; Davao Oriental: 16; Davao del Sur: 9; Lanao del Norte: 11; Lanao del Sur: 4; Maguindanao: 10; Misamis Occidental: 18; Misamis oriental: 14; North Cotabato: 16; Saranggani: 2; South Cotabato: 6; Sultan Kudarat: 11; Surigao Norte: 7; Surigao Sur: 13; Zamboanga del Norte: 24; Zamboanga Sibugay: 15; Zamboanga del Sur: 50
Masipag is active in 47 provinces
Masipag Rice Conservation Support system
NationalBack-up
Farm
2,060 rice varieties & Selections
Regional (2), Provincial (9)
Back-up farms
300 to 1,200 rice varieties & selections
PO-managed Trial farms (223)
At least 50 varieties per TF
Verification farms 6 to 24 varieties
Farm Production At least 3 varieties