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Control of thrips without pesticides: dream or reality?
Sarah Jandricic, Floriculture Extension Specialist, OMAF and
Graeme Murphy, Grenhouse IPM Specilaist, BioLogical Control Solutions
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DAMAGE
~ $15 M
per year in
Georgia
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PLANT VIRUSES
Impatiens necrotic spot – severe crop losses
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LIFE CYCLE
12 days in hot weather
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NON-SUSCEPTIBLE STAGES!
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HISTORY OF AREA • Late 1980’s
• Calendar sprays • Weekly in winter
• 2x a week in summer
• Little monitoring, IPM, or Biological control
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NOW (i.e. since 2007):
• IPM – standard • Monitoring – routine
• Screening
• Mass trapping
• Biological control – 80-90% of growers
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PESTICIDE RESISTANCE - THRIPS • Spinosad – registered in Canada in 2006
• Poor control in 6-12 mo • Pesticide residues on cuttings?
• Widespread breakdown in efficacy by 2008
• 2007: thrips became driver for biocontrol adoption
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What tools do we have?
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Biocontrol -
Foliage
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Amblyseius cucumeris
Biocontrol -
Foliage AMBLYLINE, THRIPEX, etc
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What’s in a sachet??
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Entomopathogenic Fungi
Biocontrol -
Foliage BotaniGard, Naturalis, etc
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Orius insidiosus
Biocontrol -
Foliage Boi-Orius, Thripor, Orius-
System, etc.
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NON-PESTICIDE SUSCEPTIBLE STAGES!
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NON-PESTICIDE SUSCEPTIBLE STAGES!
Target for
biological
control!
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Amblyseius cucumeris
Orius insidiosus
Fungi e.g. BotaniGard
Biocontrol -
Foliage
Biocontrol -
Soil
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Hypoaspis mites.
Biocontrol -
Soil
Hypoline-M, Entomite-M,
Hypoaspis
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Biocontrol -
Soil Atheta, Rove Beetle,
StaphyLine
Atheta/Dalotia coriaria
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Biocontrol -
Soil Entonem, Nemysis
Nematodes: Steinernema feltiae
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0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
t = 0 t = 2 weeks t = 4 weeks t = 6 weeks t = 8 weeks
Growing media + nematode
Growing media + Plants +nematode
Me
an
nu
mb
er
of n
em
ato
de
/g o
f d
ry s
oil The difference becomes wider
as the plants grow bigger
Nematode
population drops
dramatically as
the application
stops
Application stopped at week 6
Nematodes – Steinernema feltiae
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Amblyseius cucumeris Hypoaspis / Stratiolaelaps spp.
Orius insidiosus Nematodes: Steinernema feltiae
Fungi e.g. BotaniGard
Biocontrol -
Foliage
Biocontrol -
Soil
Atheta/Dalotia coriaria
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Combining bios so there’s no escape!
Western flower thrips
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Mums as a case study: Integrate biocontrol throughout the production system
Research plant risks Choose resistant plants
“Use” susceptible plants Reduce fertilizer
Propagation
Use Mite sachets Microbials Nematodes
Broadcast Cucumeris Microbials Nematodes Hypoaspis
Atheta
Planning Production Finishing
Swirskii sachets Microbials
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Amblyseius cucumeris Hypoaspis / Stratiolaelaps spp.
Orius insidiosus Nematodes: Steinernema feltiae
Fungi e.g. BotaniGard
Biocontrol -
Foliage
Companion
Strategies Biocontrol -
Soil
Atheta/Dalotia coriaria
?
?
?
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COMPANION STRATEGIES
1. Trap plants • Flowering yellow mums
• Highly susceptible varieties: Vyron, Chesapeake
• Use with: • Other mum varieties
• Vegetative / foliage crops
• herbs
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COMPANION STRATEGIES
2. Mass trapping with sticky tape
• Used in biocontrol programs based on non-flying natural enemies
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0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
1
Mea
n B
iwee
kly
Th
rip
s C
ou
nts
/
2 f
eet
of
tap
e
Type of Sticky Tape
a
b ab
b b b
–E.g. Pot Mum Production
1 COMPARTMENT= 1500 Feet of Tape
June 1-Aug 15:
= 647, 872 thrips/
compartment removed!
The Power of Sticky Tape!
SEE THE DETAILS: GREENHOUSE CANADA WEBINAR And
GREENHOUSEIPM.ORG
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COMPANION STRATEGIES
3. Dipping cuttings – starting clean • Most effective treatments on mums for thrips:
• Beauveria
• Horticultural oil at 5 ml/L for 1 min, then rinsed
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SUCCESSFUL BIOCONTROL OF A DIFFICULT PEST • Take whole production system into
account
• Susceptible stages/varieties targeted
• Uses companion strategies to improve results