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Context for the Careers of History PhDs
American Historical Association
September 8, 2014
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Varying (and often Conflicting) Goals
• Quality of Preparation • preparing “first-rate” scholars regardless of outcomes?
• Placement Rates• Placing into Research I programs?
• Time to Degree• Reducing time in program to five years?
• Department Ranking• Emphasizing published output by faculty
• Lowered Attrition Rates
• Range of Career Preparation
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History PhDs and Departments, 1901 to 2010
1901-10
1911-20
1921-30
1931-40
1941-50
1951-60
1961-70
1971-80
1981-90
1991-2000
2001-10
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
PhDs
Departments
Ph
D R
ecip
ien
ts
Dep
art
men
ts
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Number of New History PhDs and Advertised Job Openings, 1970–71 to 2012–13
197
197
197
197
198
198
198
198
198
199
199
199
199
1999
...20
020
020
020
020
020
120
10
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
AHA Job Ads
History PhDs
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Recruitment
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Average Number of Applicants and Doctoral Students in History PhD Programs, 2006 to 2013
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 20130
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Avg. # of Applicants
Avg. # of Doctoral Students
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Average Number of Applications to PhD Programsin Conference, 2007 and 2012
CIC Schools Ivy League schools
Pac12 Schools SEC schools0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
2007
2012
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Average Number of Matriculations into PhD Programsin Conference, 2007 and 2012
CIC Ivy Pac12 SEC0
5
10
15
20
25
2007
2012
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Diversity
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History PhDs by Race/Ethnicity, 1995 to 2012
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
White, Non-Hispanic
Other/Unknown Races & Ethnicities
Black, Non-Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian or Pacific Is-lander
American Indian or Alaska Native
Humanities Indicators, 2014 · American Academy of Arts & Sciences
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Bachelors Degree Recipients in History by Race/Ethnicity, 1995 to 2012
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
White, Non-Hispanic
Other/Unknown Races & Ethnicities
Black, Non-Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian or Pacific Is-lander
American Indian or Alaska Native
Humanities Indicators, 2014 · American Academy of Arts & Sciences
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Women among History Degree Recipients, 1987 to 2012
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Doctorate Degrees
Bachelor's Degrees
Humanities Indicators, 2014 · American Academy of Arts & Sciences
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Benchmarking Progress
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Status of Previous Matriculants at Programs, 2012
5-year's after Matriculation 10-year's after Matriculation0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Completed
In Progress
Quit
Status Unknown
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Approximate Track of a Doctoral Student Cohort over 10 Years
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 100%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Student
Transitional Employment
Tenure Track Appointment
NonAcademic Employment
Will Not Finish
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Proportion of Students with Financial Support
CIC Ivy Pac12 SEC0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%PhD Students Receiving Fi-nancial Aid
PhD Students as TAs
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Preparing Students for Careers
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Institutional Priorities in Preparation of PhD Students, 2001
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
High Priority
Moderate
Low/Not a Priority
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Areas of Employment for All History PhDs, 2013
2-Year Non-tenure Track3.1%
2-Year Tenure Track2.4%
4-Year Non-tenure Track14.7%
4-Year Tenure Track50.6%
Other Employment24.2%
Retired1.1%
Deceased1.1%
Not found2.8%
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Movement of Graduates from Two History Doctoral Programs to Academic Employment in 2011
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Movement between Conferences from History PhD to Job
CIC Ivy Pac12 SEC0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
CIC Ivy
Pac12 SEC
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Employment of Recent History PhDs, by Conference, 2013
CIC Ivy Pac12 SEC0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2-Year NTT
2-Year TT
4-Year NTT
4-Year TT
Other Em-ployment
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Academic Employment of History PhDs by Field, 2013
Research Univ. 4-Year 2-Year
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Tenure Track
Non-Tenure Track
Research Uni-versity
Other 4-Year 2-Year
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Jobs for History PhDs Outside the Professoriate
Acade
mic
Admin
istra
tion
Busin
ess
Gover
nmen
t
Inde
pend
ent S
chol
ar
Libr
ary/M
useu
m/A
rchi
ve
Non-P
rofit
Publis
hing
/ Edi
ting
Resea
rche
r
Self-E
mpl
oyed
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5% Asia Latin America Europe North America
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2-Year Administration; 0.2%
2-Year Nontenure Track; 4.0%
2-Year Tenure Track; 2.9%
4-year Administration; 3.5%
4-Year Nontenure Track; 15.4%
4-Year Tenure Track; 43.8%
Business; 2.9%
Deceased; 1.3% Federal Government; 3.2%
For-profit Admin or Faculty; 0.5%
Independent Scholar; 2.7%
K-12; 3.6%
Library/Museum/Archive; 2.0%
Non-Profit; 3.9%
Not found; 3.3%
Other; 0.4%
Publishing/ Editing; 0.8%
Researcher; 0.7%
Retired; 1.2%
Self-Employed; 2.5%
State/ Local Government; 1.2%
PhDs in the History of North America
The Job Picture for Two Specializations
2-Year Nontenure Track; 1.9%
2-Year Tenure Track; 0.6%
4-year Administration; 1.9%
4-Year Nontenure Track; 8.8%
4-Year Tenure Track; 65.4%
Business; 3.8%
Deceased; 1.9% Federal Government; 3.1%
Independent Scholar; 1.3%
K-12; 1.3%
Non-Profit; 2.5%
Not found; 1.3%
Publishing/ Editing; 1.3%
Researcher; 0.6%
Retired; 0.6%
Self-Employed; 2.5%
State/ Local Government; 1.3%
PhDs in Latin American History
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Type of Employer of History PhDs, by NRC Ranking of Program
Top-Quartile 2nd Quartile 3rd Quartile 4th Quartile0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%Univ. w. High Research Activ-ity
Other Coll. or Univ.
Non-faculty Employment
Ranking of Program that Conferred Degree
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Distribution of History PhDs Recipients by Subject and NRC Ranking of Program
Africa Asia Europe Latin America U.S.0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0% Top Rated
2nd Quarter
3rd Quarter
Bottom Rankings
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Employment of History PhDs by Field Specialization, 2013
Research Univ. 4-Year 2-Year K-12 Other (Business/
Gov't)
Public History0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%Africa
Asia
Latin America
Europe
North Amer-ica
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Field Specializations of Jobs and PhDs, 2012 and 2013
Africa Asia Latin America Middle East Europe North America0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
Junior Faculty Openings, 2012-13
New PhDs, 2011-12
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Digital History
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Digital History in AHA Job Advertisements, 2003-04 to 2012–13
2003–04 2008-09 2011-12 2013-140
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
AHA Job Ads
Digital/New Media Jobs
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Digital and New Media Historians in AHA Directory, 2014
Other Faculty and His-torians99.7%
Digital/New Media0.3%
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Engagement with Digital Humanities, Fall 2012
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%History
Liberal Arts Colls
Comprehensive Coll. And Univs
Research Univs
Series5
All History Depts
English Depts
Foreign Language Depts
Religion Depts
Philosophy Depts
History Depts at…
Humanities Indicators, 2014 · American Academy of Arts & Sciences
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Technology Activity of Historians by Age Cohort, 2010
Under 45 46 to 65 Over 650%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%Digital Humanist
Active User
Passive User
Avoider
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Proportion of History Depts. Offering Online Courses, 2012-13
Fully Online Courses Hybrid Courses0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Liberal Arts CollegesMaster's Coll. and Univ'sResearch UniversitiesSeries4Public Coll. and Univ'sPrivate Coll. and Univ's
Humanities Indicators, 2014 · American Academy of Arts & Sciences
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Future Issues
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0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
0.0%
0.5%
1.0%
1.5%
2.0%
2.5%
3.0%
3.5%
AHA Job Ads
History as % of All Degrees
Job
Op
en
ing
s
All
Un
de
rgra
d D
eg
ree
s
Alignment of Jobs and Undergraduate Students
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1970
-71
1972
–73
1974
–75
1976
–77
1978
–79
1980
–81
1982
–83
1984
–85
1986
–87
1988
–89
1990
–91
1992
–93
1994
–95
1996
–97
1998
–99
2000
–01
2002
–03
2004
–05
2006
–07
2008
-09
2010
-11
2012
-13
2014
-15
2016
-17
2018
-19
2020
-21
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
AHA Job Ads
Average Age
Jo
b O
pe
nin
gs
Av
era
ge
Ag
e
Alignment of Jobs and Demographics
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Crucial Factors for Successful Reform
• Shared sense of purpose by the entire department
• Collective sense of responsibility
• Clear objectives
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For additional data and information:
See the AHA web site at http://www.historians.org/info/AHA_Data.cfm
and visit my new home at http://HumanitiesIndicators.org
And feel free to e-mail me at [email protected] with questions.