Download - Consonants and Singing
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CONSONANTS
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CONSONANTS DEFINED
A sound that stops or interferes with the flow of breath.
Well sung consonants are precise, quick, energetic, and provide definition of the vocal line
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CLASSIFICATION OF CONSONANTS
1. Voicing: Are they voiced or unvoiced?
2. Place of Articulation
3. Manner of articulation
{Think of consonants as having three names – first, middle, last}
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VOICED OR NOT?
Either voiced or unvoiced – if it has pitch or not
[feel your throat to know the difference]
z vs. s
b vs. p
d vs. t
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PLACE OF ARTICULATION
Labial or Bi-labial: LIPS
Labio-dental: top teeth touching bottom lip (v)
Dental: teeth – Italian D or Italian T
Alveolar: gum ridge
Palatal: Hard palate
Velar: soft palate
Glottis: Space between vocal folds
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MANNER OF ARTICULATION
Manner of articulation – what happens to the structures that are involved.
PLOSIVES
FRICATIVES
NASALS
LATERALSGLIDES
AFFRICATIVES
See text book on page 130
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PLOSIVES
The airflow is prevented from passing through the mouth or nose and is suddenly released
Pairs of consonants that are only differentiated by their voicing:
[p] and [b]
[t] and [d]
[k] and [g]
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PLOSIVES
[p] and [b]
WHERE?????
[t] and [d]
WHERE?????
[k] and [g]
WHERE?????
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PLOSIVES
[p] and [b]
BI-LABIAL
[t] and [d]
ALVEOLAR
[k] and [g]
VELAR
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LOOK AT PAGE 133 IN BOOK
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[b]
Sound in context: back, about, web
Spellings: best
1. But who may abide the day of his coming
2. We are climbing Jacob’s ladder
3. Brett burned Brian’s buttered breakfast biscuits
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[p]
Sound in context: push, depend, stop
Spellings: pest
1. The everlasting Father, the Prince of Peace
2. Oh the deep, deep love of Jesus
3. Perky Patty picks pretty pink posies
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[d]
Sound in context: deaf, widow, sad
Spellings: done
1. And the ears of the deaf unstopped
2. O Sacred Head, now wounded
3. Doleful David disavows dapper Dan’s disclaimer
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[t]
Sound in context: took, seated, bright
Spellings: ton, kissed
1. O thou that tellest good tidings to Zion
2. Comfort, comfort ye my people
3. Tiny tots attain terribly tattered mittens
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[g]
Sound in context: give, begun, big
Spellings: ghost, got
1. Glory to God in the highest
2. God of grace and God of glory
3. Good girls get great gag gifts
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[k]
Sound in context: cost, become, walk
Spellings: cot, chorus, sick, keep, unique
1. Speak ye comfortably to Jerusalem, and cry unto her
2. Come, all Christians, be committeed
3. Ken’s calm cow comforted Kathie’s kicking, crying calves
Common problem: substitution of unvoiced [k] for voiced [g]. “Vigor” should now sound like “vicar”
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FRICATIVES (WALL, 161)
A fricative consonant is one in which the air flow is partially interrupted as it passes through the vocal tract, thus producing a noisy sound. Because they can be sustained, they are called continuants. There are four pairs of cognates plus [h].
[v] vs. [f]
[ð] vs [ɵ]
[z] vs [s]
[ʒ] vs [ʃ]
[h]
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REMEMBERING THE MIDDLE NAME
[v] vs. [f] voiced or unvoiced labio-dental fricative
[ð] vs [ɵ] voiced or unvoiced dental fricative
[z] vs [s] voiced or unvoiced alveolar ridge fricative
[ʒ] vs [ʃ] voiced or unvoiced palatal fricative
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[h]
Voiced or Unvoiced?
Place of articulation:
Manner of articulation
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[h]
Voiced or Unvoiced?
Place of articulation: ɡlottis
Manner of articulation: fricative
Common problems: over aspiration; pushing too much air through the glottis, resulting in breathiness.
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NASALS
Three nasal consonants:
[m]
[n]
[ŋ]
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[m]
Voiced or Unvoiced?
Place of articulation:
Manner of articulation
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[m]
Voiced or Unvoiced?
Place of articulation: Bilabial
Manner of articulation: Nasal
Common Problems: Insufficient nasal resonance. The [m] sound should be well hummed up through the nose in speech and singing. Also – inadequate duration. (causes muffledness)
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[n]
Voiced or Unvoiced?
Place of articulation:
Manner of articulation
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[n]
Voiced or Unvoiced?
Place of articulation: alveolar
Manner of articulation: nasal
Common problems: insufficient nasal resonance; inadequate duration
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[ŋ]
It has a name: [ɛŋ]
Voiced or Unvoiced?
Place of articulation:
Manner of articulation
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[ŋ]
Voiced or Unvoiced?
Place of articulation: back of tonɡue and soft palate (VELAR)
Manner of articulation: Nasal
Common problems: insufficient nasal resonance; inadequate duration; substitution of [n] for [ŋ]
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Words with [ŋ]
(see Wall, p. 157)
Hanging [hæŋ ɪŋ]
Singing [sɪŋ ɪŋ]
Long [lɔŋ]
Finger [fɪŋ ɡər]
Single [sɪŋ ɡəl]
Bank [bæŋk]
Drunk [drʌŋk]