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Commercial Data Processing
Introduction
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What is CDP
• Commercial Data Processing is the use of powerful computer systems to collect and process large volumes of data at high speed.
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Reasons for CDP Systems
They:• Process large volumes of data• Process data at high speeds
– Ability to search through a large number of records quickly
• Have the ability to do repetitive tasks without errors
• Process the data fast• Ensure very accurate data
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Management Information
• CDP provides the managers of companies with information that can them with decisions:
• Ordering Stock
• Sales
• Pricing Decisions
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Advantages Over a Manual System
• Orders can be processed much more quickly
• Errors are less likely because of the checks built into the computer system
• Direct mailings can be done automatically using a mail merge
• Maintaining contact with & information about a large number customers
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An ExampleGlasgow Airport
• They process lots of data– The BA computer system processes
thousands of pieces of data every second
• They handle repetitive tasks easily– At peak periods the BA computer systems
check in thousands of passengers each day, repeating the same process over and over again
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• They process data at high speeds– Bags are checked in immediately the
bar code is entered
• They ensure very accurate data– Aircraft positions an times are accurately
recorded by the computer system
• They offer instant access to the data– Many authorised staff members in the airport
can see the data instantly. The data on arrivals and departures is displayed to the public on large display screens
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• The computer system makes it possible for:– The airport to cope with the thousands of
people who travel on the planes – The movement of the planes– All the needs of the planes such as food and
fuel– Dozens of airlines to use the airport
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Lesson Objectives
• Learn about:
– Difference between data and
Information
– The Data Processing Cycle
– Data Collection and Preparation
Stage
– Data Input Stage
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Recap – Reasons for CDP
They:• Process large volumes of data• Process data at high speeds
– Ability to search through a large number of records quickly
• Have the ability to do repetitive tasks without errors
• Process the data fast• Ensure very accurate data
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Data Vs InformationData is a collection of numbers, characters and symbols that a computer can use. It is meaningless to humans unless an explanation is given
Information is data that is in a form that means something to humans.
e.g. 19.01.06
e.g. 190106
What is it?
A date
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The Data Processing Cycle
Data Collection & Preparation
Data Input
Data Processing & Storage
Data Output
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The Data Processing Cycle
The 4 Stages:
• Data Collection and Preparation
• Data Input
• Data Processing and Storage
• Data Output
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Data Collection & Preparation
• The first stage in the data processing cycle is to collect and prepare the data so that the computer can understand it.
• Data can be collected in a variety of different ways for example:
• Scanning shopping at a supermarket checkout
• Clocking on at work• Filling in a form
– Source document
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The Data Processing Cycle
Data Collection & Preparation
Data Input
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Data Input
• Magnetic stripes
• Smartcards
• Bar Codes
• Mark Sense Cards
• Magnetic Ink character recognition (MICR)
• Optical Character Recognition (OCR)
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Data Input:Magnetic stripes
• Stripe of magnetic material on the back of cards such as bank cards.
• Information is held on the magnetic stripe.
• Simple, quick and accurate way to enter account details.
• Relatively easy to forge• To counter this forgery the
smartcard was developed…
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Data Input:Smartcards (Chip&Pin)
• Have a microchip & on-board memory instead of using the magnetic stripe to hold the information
• Holds a lot more data and harder to forge than magnetic stripes
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Data Input:Bar Codes
• A set of lines varying in widths that represent a number
• They are read by passing a light pen or bar code reader across them.
• Contain information about the product such as: Item code, manufacturer, country of origin, size, etc.
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Data Input:Mark Sense Cards
• Sheet that contains boxes that a line is marked for a choice.
• Good for multiple choice options like the National Lottery
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Data Input: Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR)
• Uses magnetic ink to print information on cheques
• Harder to forge than using normal ink
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• Learn about:
– Error Checking
– Interactive Processing
– Backup & Updating
– Files, Records & Fields
– Data Output
Lesson Objectives
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Recap – Reasons for CDP
• Process large volumes of data
• Process data at high speeds
• Repetitive tasks without errors
• Process the data fast
• Ensure very accurate data
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Recap – Data Input
• Magnetic stripes
• Smartcards
• Bar Codes
• Mark Sense Cards
• MICR
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Data Input:Optical Character Recognition (OCR)
• Optical Character Reader recognises letters and characters.
• With special software a scanner can do OCR
• Widely used by the Post Office to sort mail.
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Error Checking
Ensuring the data entered is correctTypes:
–Validation• Check Digit• Range check• Length check
–Verification• Enter it twice
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The Data Processing Cycle
Data Collection & Preparation
Data Input
Data Processing & Storage
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• File– Organised collection of related data
• Record– A group of related data items that could
be considered as one unit
• Fields– One bit of information within a record
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Data Processing & Storage
• Interactive Processing– Computer system process the data
immediately it is entered– The results are then fed back to the users
immediately
• Updating– When a file is changed then it is updated
• Backup– At least one spare copy of the data should be
kept
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The Data Processing Cycle
Data Collection & Preparation
Data Input
Data Processing & Storage
Data Output
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Data Output
• Paper– Bills– Statements– Tickets
• Screen– Online bills– Information screens
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The Data Processing Cycle
Data Collection & Preparation
Data Input
Data Processing & Storage
Data Output
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• Learn about:
– E-Commerce
– EFT / EPOS
– Job Types
– Economic Implications
– Security & Privacy
Lesson Objectives
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E-Commerce
• Using networks to buy and sell products & services
• Shopping online– EBay, Amazon, Tesco, etc
• Online banking– Allows you to keep track of accounts
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EFT/EPOS
• Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT)– A way of paying for goods without using cash– The amount of money is transferred directly
from your bank to the shop’s bank account
• Electronic Point of Sale (EPOS)– Computerised system that collects data from
checkout
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EFTPOS
• Advantages– Less cash so less chance for theft
• Better for both customer & business
– Less paperwork
• Disadvantages– Expensive to install– Easy to overspend when not using cash
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Effects on Business
New jobs are have been created since computers became used for CDP that didn’t exist before.
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Job Types & Careers
Programmer
Systems Analyst
Engineer
Network Manager
Computer Operator
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Systems Analyst
Looks at the manual tasks carried out by a company and decides whether these would be better or even possible by using computers instead.
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Programmer• When the System Analyst is finished they
consult with the Programmer to discussed requirements
• The Programmer then writes the code for the programs required.
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Engineer / Technician
• The person responsible for the maintenance and repairs of all the equipment.
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Network Manager
• Controls who has access to network
• Controls installation of software & hardware
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Computer Operator
• This person is involved with the day to day running of the complete computer system.
• They run the programs that process the data previously input.
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Economic Implications
• Initial Cost– Buying & setting up the system is
expensive
• Running Cost– Paper, – ink, – Electricity, – Maintenance
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Security & Privacy
• Information must be accurate & up to date
• Files must be kept private
• Sale of mailing lists– Companies can sell the customer details to
other companies– The person must be told and must give
permission for their information to be passed on.
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Task
• Answer questions pg 193 of book– Foundation KU
– Foundation PS
– General KU
– General PS - 4-11
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• Learn about:
– E-Commerce
– EFT / EPOS
– Job Types
– Economic Implications
– Security & Privacy
Lesson Objectives