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Southern Illinois University CarbondaleOpenSIUC
Presentations Department of Automotive Technology
10-5-2011
Coil On Plug Ignition: The Wired DifferencesMatt DixonSouthern Illinois University Carbondale, [email protected]
Follow this and additional works at: http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/auto_presPresented at 2011 Fall ICAIA conference, Ranken Technical College, St. Louis
This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Automotive Technology at OpenSIUC. It has been accepted for inclusionin Presentations by an authorized administrator of OpenSIUC. For more information, please contact [email protected].
Recommended CitationDixon, Matt, "Coil On Plug Ignition: The Wired Differences" (2011). Presentations. Paper 24.http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/auto_pres/24
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Coil on Plug: The Wired Differences
2011 ICAIA Fall Conference Ranken Technical College, St. Louis, MO
Matt Dixon, Assistant Professor, SIUC
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Have you noticed 2 wire coils?
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Have you noticed 3 wire coils?
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Have you noticed 4 wire coils?
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How are they different?
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What are good tools to
check them?
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C.O.P. Commonality
C.O.P.’s connect to a fused 12v source
12v usually directed
from a relay These relays have
varying control logic ASD, MFI, Main, IG2, PGM-FI etc.
ASD
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C.O.P. Commonality: Secondary Ignition Measurement
Obstacles in the way: the norm
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C.O.P. Commonality: Secondary Ignition Measurement
“wand” adapter may help
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C.O.P. Commonality: Secondary Ignition Measurement
This tool is flexible, no scope required
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C.O.P. Commonality: Secondary Ignition Measurement
When access is not an issue…..
Secondary can be checked like this
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C.O.P. Commonality: Secondary Ignition Measurement
Spark plug wire kit for C.O.P. testing
C.O.P. Secondary testing with scope
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C.O.P. Commonality: Secondary Ignition Measurement
1 3 4 2 2009 Pontiac Vibe Secondary
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C.O.P. Commonality: Secondary Ignition Measurement
Dwell
opposite polarity, Coil charging
Burn
Firing line
Heat dissipation
Secondary is not necessarily 100% DC
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2 wire coils
The 2 wires are: 1. 12 volt source 2. PCM controlled
ground (dwell)
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2 wire coils
Ignition coil dwell done by PCM
Offers more
available tests
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2 wire coils
Direct access to coil primary allows for measurement of primary resistance
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2 wire coils
Some coils allow for
measurement of secondary resistance
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2 wire coils Many coils place a
diode between the primary and secondary circuits
Secondary resistance
check unavailable but diode check is possible
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2 wire coils
2 styles of coils that fire 2 plugs “Hemi” V-8
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2 wire coils
Often one or more external capacitors are utilized
Typical rating under
1 microfarad
477 nano Farads
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2 wire coils: access to primary voltage
Secondary mirrors primary
Primary pattern
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2 wire coils: access to primary voltage
Access the coil primary wires at the PCM
Less obstacles One stop shopping ‘08 Dodge Avenger PCM
connector C2, using 8815 pin out box
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2 wire coils: access to primary voltage
Primary voltage pattern comparison ‘08 Dodge 2.7 V-6 @ idle
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2 wire coils: Ford “multi-strike”
3 sparks per event at lower engine RPM
‘05 F-150 5.4 V-8
Primary Voltage Pattern
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2 wire coils: Primary current
Primary Current
vs Primary Voltage
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2 wire coils: vehicle self diagnostic
Zener diode is placed in parallel to ignition dwell control in the PCM
As coil is switched off,
high voltage inductive kick is sufficient to cross zener acting as
“confirmation pulse”
DC
Coil Primary
Microprocessor
50 volt zener
PCM
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2 wire coils: vehicle self diagnostic Lack of confirmation
pulse results in P035x fault
Some vehicles in turn
stop injector pulse to that cylinder
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2 wire coils: PCM monitoring
PCM monitors dwell and burn time relationship
Insufficient Ionization
faults P2XXX series now add
to P0XXX series
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3 wire coils
The 3 wires are: 1. 12 volt source 2. Ground (chassis) 3. PCM pulse
command
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3 wire coils
The coil hold down bolt/eyelet usually does not act as an electrical ground
But is does on this
Chevy Trailblazer coil
Connection eyelet to chassis ground terminal
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3 wire coils DVOM primary and
secondary resistance checks unavailable
Primary voltage pattern
unavailable Primary current is
available!
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3 wire coils: Primary Current
Access at a fuse or relay that feeds all cylinders
Jump terminals and use
inductive amp clamp Compare variations
between cylinders
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3 wire coils: Primary Current
Red: Command pulse coil #6
‘04 Acura 3.2 V-6
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3 wire coils: PCM command pulse
This ‘07 Mitsu Eclipse 3.8
V-6 uses full charging system voltage for the
command pulse
Pulse amplitude does not change coil connected or not: no DTC’s for coil unplugged!
Blue: pulse Green: primary
current
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3 wire coils: PCM command pulse
Most O.E.M.’s use a 5 volt command pulse
Green: primary current
‘04 Acura TL 3.2 V-6
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3 wire coils: PCM command pulse
With coil disconnected on the Acura, the shape of the pulse
changes
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3 wire coils: PCM command pulse
‘07 Nissan Maxima 3.5 V-6
Red: primary current, Blue: command pulse
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3 wire coils: PCM command pulse Pulse with coil plugged in
“normal” Pulse with coil unplugged:
full 5 v
Despite difference, PCM does not set DTC’s with coil unplugged!
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3 wire coils: PCM command pulse
Blue: pulse for cylinder 2 Green: pulse for cylinder 6 (misfire)
Nissan Maxima: V-6 with misfire
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3 wire coils: PCM command pulse
Faulty coil identified
2 coils from Maxima V-6 coil on left fried
BAD GOOD GOOD
4 6 4
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4 wire coils
Toyota’s version GM’s version
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4 wire coil: Toyota version
The 4 wires are: 1. 12 volt power 2. Chassis Ground 3. PCM Command
Pulse 4. “IGF” diagnostic
pulse
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4 wire coil: Toyota version
The PCM provides a 5 volt bias on “IGF” “IGF” is run in parallel to all coils Internal electronics in the coil monitor the firing Coil electronics pulse “IGF” to ground when
successful
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4 wire coil: Toyota version
Brown: Coil # 6 Primary current
Red: PCM Command pulse coil #6
Blue: “IGF” diagnostic pulse
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4 wire coil: Toyota version
Chassis ground disconnected from coil #6: missing “IGF” pulse
Blue: PCM command pulse for cylinder #6
1 2 3 5 4 3
Red: “IGF” diagnostic successful pulse
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4 wire coil: Toyota version
P0356 quickly sets on this ‘05 Avalon 3.5 V-6
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4 wire coil: GM version
The 4 wires are: 1. 12 volt power 2. Chassis ground 3. PCM command pulse
known as “IC” or ignition command
4. Low reference
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4 wire coil: GM version
Grounds The coil hold down bolt
eyelet electrically connects to the chassis ground circuit pin
Normally eyelet does not
connect to low reference circuit but it can in failsafe mode
Low reference terminal to chassis ground terminal 59.5 K Ω
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4 wire coil: GM version
Chassis ground terminal to bolt eyelet .1 Ω
Low Reference terminal to bolt eyelet 59.3 KΩ
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4 wire coil: GM version
Low reference is a ground circuit but it is sourced through the PCM.
The PCM treats it to provide a “clean ground” Normally low reference provides a ground for
the electronics in the coil and the coil windings as a load device utilize chassis ground
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4 wire coil: GM version
Blue: PCM command pulse “IC”, pulse is about 4 volts on loaded circuit
Red: Primary current
2007 Pontiac Solstice 2.4L
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4 wire coil: GM version
Low reference removed: IC gets fuzzy
“normal”: IC pulse is a clean line
2007 Pontiac Solstice 2.4L
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4 wire coil: GM version
Experiment on Solstice: 1. Remove only low reference: runs fine 2. Remove only chassis ground: runs fine 3. Remove both chassis ground and low
reference: runs fine
Indicating ability to ground coil electronics through eyelet bolt ground if necessary
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4 wire coil: GM version
“IC” is monitored If IC is open or shorted, a
DTC is triggered “unloaded” IC pulse is 5
volts but is about 4 volts when connected
“IC” open circuit voltage
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4 wire coil: GM version
The type of fault can be viewed on the Tech 2 scantool “open or short” and identified by cylinder
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Summary
2,3 and 4 wire coil versions are different in control & monitoring strategies
Primary current is an available test on all types:
cylinder to cylinder variations are valuable Different methods exist to check for “spark”
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Practical when access is not an issue
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Summary
No start/spark or dead hole: What is easiest to access on the vehicle? • PCM • Coil(s) • Common relay or ignition fuse
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Summary 2 wire coils: Scope/ amp clamp: primary current at common fuse/relay Scope: primary voltage patterns, easiest at PCM? DVOM: verify voltage at coils, coil primary/secondary
resistance Scope: secondary voltage if feasible Scan Tool: PCM will detect coil DTC’s, possibly more
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Summary 3 wire coils: Scope/ amp clamp: primary current at common
fuse/relay Scope: command pulse voltage compare cylinder to
cylinder, check loaded vs unloaded DVOM: only good for power/ground checks at coil Scope: secondary voltage if feasible Scan tool: probably not helpful
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Summary 4 wire coil: Toyota Scope/ amp clamp: primary current at common
fuse/relay Scope: PCM command pulse and “IGF” voltage DVOM: power & ground at coils, 5v on “IGF” Scope: secondary voltage if feasible Scan Tool: PCM will detect DTC’s
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Summary 4 wire coil: GM Scope/ amp clamp: primary current at common
fuse/relay Scope: IC command pulse voltage DVOM: verify power, ground, low reference at coil Scope: secondary voltage if feasible Scan Tool: Monitor for IC fault, Coil DTC’s
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Presentation Conclusion
Questions? Comments Matt Dixon [email protected] 618-453-4024 extension 306 Presentation available on open SIU: Google
“open SIU”