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COGNITIVE SCIENCE 17
What’s A Brain?
Part 2
Jaime A. Pineda, Ph.D.
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Brain Quiz• What did the right hemisphere say to the left hemisphere when they
could not agree on anything?– “Let’s split”
• What do you call a group of brains that form a singing group in school?– A glia club
• What do you get when you cross a thought with a light?– A bright idea
• What is the brain’s favorite television channel?– The Neural Network
• What do neurons use to talk to each other?– Cell-ular phones
• What did the Hollywood director say after making a movie about myelin?– “That’s a wrap”
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Principles of Brain Organization• Subdivided into 3 primary
and 5 secondary regions
– Forebrain• Telencephalon (endbrain) • Diencephalon (interbrain)
– Midbrain• Mesencephalon
– Hindbrain• Metencephalon • Myelencephalon
Neural plate > neural tube
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Principles (cont.)
• Brain contains an interconnected system of ventricles
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Brain contains a protective covering (meninges)
Principles (cont.)
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CerebralSpinalFluid (CSF)
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Hydrocephalus
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Principles (cont.)
• Brain is composed of two hemispheres connected by a set of fibers (corpus callosum)
• 200-250 million fibers• Monotremes and
marsupials do not have a corpus callosum
• Agenesis and split brain patients
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Principles (cont.)
• Cortex is subdivided into four major external lobes (plus the internal limbic lobe)
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Limbic lobe
Found only in the medial view of the brain.
Its major responsibilities include olfaction and emotions
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Principles (cont.)• Cortex is subdivided into areas of specialized function
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Principles (cont.)• Some areas of cortex (primarily sensory and motor areas) are topographically mapped.
V1 (retinotopic) A1 (tonotopic) M1 (mototopic) S1 (somatotopic)
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Anterior-Posterior Organization
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Dorsal-Ventral Organization
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Left-Right Organization
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