Civil Rights Movements
Across America
Ch.18
Latinos of Varied Origins
Mexican Americans1miilion came in
1900s following the Mexican Revolution
some came in the 1940’s and 1950’s as braceros, and 1 million came in the 60’s
Latinos of Varied Origins
Puerto Ricans immigrating after the
Spanish American War of 1898, and by 1960’s 1miilion in the US
Cubans Fled Castro’s gov’t after
1959 and large communities formed in NYC, Miami, NJ
1960’s thousand of Central and South American emigrated
Latinos Fight For Change
In 1966 Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta merged their new unions to form the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee
Latinos Fight For Change
Chavez believed in non-violence in dealing with California’s large fruit and vegetable companies (Ex. Boycotts/Fast)
In the 1960’s the Chicano Movement took off, “Brown Power” and the “Brown Berets” demanded Spanish speaking classes and Chicano studies programs at universities (Bilingual ED. Act of 1968)
Native Americans Fight For Equality
Suffered high unemployment rates, alcoholism, infant mortality rates and suicides
In 1961 reps from 61 tribes drafted the Declaration of Indian Purpose
In 1968 LBJ established the National Council on Indian Opportunity
Voices of ProtestsIn 1968 the AIM
(American Indian Movement) was formed to demand lands, burial grounds, fishing/ timber rights, and a respect of their culture
WomenWomen’’s s movements of the movements of the
1960s1960s
WomenWomen’’s s movements of the movements of the
1960s1960s
BackgroundBackgroundBackgroundBackgroundSecond wave of
activism.Drew inspiration from
the civil rights movement
It was made up of members of the middle class
It was also caused by the sexual revolution of the 1960s Sparked by the
development of the birth-control pill in 1960
National Organization for National Organization for Women (NOW)Women (NOW)
National Organization for National Organization for Women (NOW)Women (NOW)
Founded in 1966. by a group of
people, including Betty Friedan, and Rev. Pauli Murray.
The first African-American woman Episcopal priest.
Betty Friedan became the organization's first president.
NOW NOW (con(con’’t.)t.)NOW NOW (con(con’’t.)t.) The goal of NOW is to bring about equality for
all women. They campaigned to gain passage of the
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) at the state level.
Issues NOW deals with: works to eliminate discrimination and
harassment in the workplace, schools, and the justice system.
secure abortion, birth control and reproductive rights for all women
end all forms of violence against women eradicate racism, sexism and homophobia promote equality and justice in society.
Betty Friedan Betty Friedan Betty Friedan Betty Friedan Wrote the book, Feminine Mystique in 1963.
In her book, she depicted the roles of women in industrial societies.
She focused most of her attention on the housewife role of women.
She referred to the problem of gender roles as "the problem without a name".
The book became a bestseller and was the cause for the second wave of feminism in the 60s.
Feb. 4th, 1921- Feb. 4th, 2006
http://us.history.wisc.edu/hist102/pdocs/friedan_feminine.pdf
First national Commission First national Commission on the Status of Womenon the Status of Women
First national Commission First national Commission on the Status of Womenon the Status of Women
President Kennedyestablished the firstnational Commissionon the Status of Women in 1961.
In 1963 the commission issued a report detailing employment discrimination, unequal pay, legal inequality, and insufficient support services for working women.
Equal Pay Act 1963Equal Pay Act 1963Equal Pay Act 1963Equal Pay Act 1963 It is the first federal law prohibiting sexual
discrimination.
In 1963 the average female worker’s wages in the United States were equivalent to 58.9 % of the average male worker’s earnings.
It abolished wage differences based on sex. “No employer having employees subject to any provisions
of this section [section 206 of title 29 of the United States Code] shall discriminate, within any establishment in which such employees are employed, between employees on the basis of sex by paying wages to employees in such establishment at a rate less than the rate at which he pays wages to employees of the opposite sex in such establishment for equal work on jobs…” -- Equal Pay Act
The Civil Rights Act of The Civil Rights Act of 19641964
The Civil Rights Act of The Civil Rights Act of 19641964
Passed in 1964. It banned discrimination on the basis of color, race,
national origin, religion, or sex. Section VII set up the Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to enforce the act.
Roe vs. WadeRoe vs. WadeRoe vs. WadeRoe vs. Wade1973
Supreme Court Case:Women had
the right to choose an abortion during the first 3 months of pregnancy.
1960s Counterculture
The Hippie Movement The term “hippie”
comes from being hip. You were either hip or you were a “square” or a “pig.”
Hippies were looking for an alternative way to live life.
Most hippies valued freedom, nature, intimacy, peace, sharing, and spirituality.
Way of LifeHippies wanted to distance themselves
from mainstream ways of life. They discarded possessions and often
lived in parks or campsites in the woods. Living like this made them feel free
Nudity was another form of freedom
Counterculture Fashion Hippies distanced
themselves from mainstream culture by their dress.
Colorful, flowing clothing, beads, headbands bellbottoms, and tie-dye were popular.
Men wore their hair and beards long or in afros.
Hippies were often called “longhairs”
San Francisco and Haight Ashbury
San Francisco was the birthplace of the counterculture/hippy movement.
By 1965 hippies had taken over the Haight Ashbury district.
Haight Ashbury district contains Golden Gate Park home of the Trips Festival
This is a 20,000-strong be-in at Golden gate park in
1967
Hippie Music The most popular music of the time was
psychedelic rock
Bands like Jefferson Airplane, Quicksilver Messenger Service, the Jimi Hendrix Experience and the Grateful Dead played free concerts at Golden Gate Park.
Concerts were places for hippies to protest, socialize, dance, or take drugs.
At Woodstock over 250,000 hippies showed up to hear artists like Janis Joplin, The Who, Canned Heat, The Allman Brothers, and County Joe and the Fish.
Woodstock
Woodstock was not just a music concert. “For thousands who couldn’t even hear the music” it was a “profound religious experience.”
Meager resources were shared with everyone.
Many people at Woodstock used illegal drugs
Drug Culture
Drugs like marijuana and LSD were a big part of the hippy/counterculture movement.
Using drugs made hippies feel like the were rebelling from mainstream society.