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Civil Liberties and Civil RightsCivil Liberties and Civil Rights
Evolution and Public Policy
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Civil LibertiesCivil Liberties Definition: The legal constitutional protections
against the government. Where are civil liberties guaranteed? How do the provisions of the Bill of Rights apply
to the states? Why is incorporation “selective”? Barron v. Baltimore (1833) Gitlow v. New York (1925)
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Freedom of ReligionFreedom of Religion What is meant by the
establishment clause?– Engel v. Vitale (1962)– Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971)
What is meant by the free exercise clause?– Reynolds v. U.S. (1879)– Oregon v. Smith (1990)
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Freedom of Expression Freedom of Expression (Speech/Press)(Speech/Press)
What is meant by prior restraint?– Near v. Minnesota (1931)
What limits can be placed on free expression?– Schenck v. U.S. (1917)– Roth v. U.S. (1957)/ Miller v. California (1973)– NY Times v. Sullivan (1964)– Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)– Texas v. Johnson (1989)
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Freedom of Expression Freedom of Expression (Speech/Press)(Speech/Press)
Is symbolic speech protected? What about commercial speech? Why is government censorship accepted for
television and radio, but not for print media? How does free press impact impartiality of trials?
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Freedom of AssemblyFreedom of Assembly What limits can be placed on freedom of
assembly? Why is the right to associate protected?
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Defendants’ RightsDefendants’ Rights
What is due process? Where is it
guaranteed? What are the criteria for
legal searches?– Weeks v. U.S. (1914)– Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
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Defendants’ RightsDefendants’ Rights
What is self-incrimination? How are we protected
against self-incrimination?– Miranda v. Arizona
What is meant by “the right to counsel”?– Gideon v. Wainwright
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Defendants’ RightsDefendants’ Rights Does plea bargaining defeat the purposes of due
process? What is meant by “a jury of peers”? Is the death penalty cruel and unusual punishment?
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The Right to PrivacyThe Right to Privacy What is the right to privacy? Why is it controversial? Where is it guaranteed?
– Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)
– Roe v. Wade (1973) Is euthanasia a right? Who should be allowed to
make this decision?
When should abortions be legal?
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Understanding Civil LibertiesUnderstanding Civil LibertiesHow do civil liberties advance democracy?Why is “freedom versus order” a central
question in the discussion of civil liberties?
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Civil RightsCivil Rights
Definition: Policies designed to protect people against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by government officials or individuals.
Where does the Constitution provide this guarantee?
Where does the basis for civil rights come from?
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What is Equality?What is Equality?
Conceptions of Equality– Equal opportunity– Equal results
How is this related to “equal protection”?
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The Evolution of Civil RightsThe Evolution of Civil Rights
The Era of Slavery– Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)– The Civil War– The Thirteenth Amendment
The Era of Reconstruction and Resegregation– Jim Crow laws– Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
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The Evolution of Civil RightsThe Evolution of Civil Rights
The Modern Civil Rights Movement– Brown v. Board of Education (1954)– Civil Rights Act of 1964
Other Minority Groups– Native Americans– Hispanic Americans– Asian Americans
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EnfranchisementEnfranchisement
Who was able to vote in the early U.S.?How has suffrage been expanded?
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Women’s RightsWomen’s Rights
What are the ongoing issues for women’s rights advocates?
Why are some issues – like comparable worth – so controversial?
Is there some disagreement about the equality women desire?
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Newly Active GroupsNewly Active Groups
Older Americans Children’s Rights Disabled Gay Rights
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Affirmative ActionAffirmative Action
Definition:– A policy designed to give special attention to or
compensatory treatment of members of some previously disadvantaged group.
What is the controversy? Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
(1978) Grutter v. Bollinger (2003)
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Understanding Civil RightsUnderstanding Civil Rights
What is the relationship between civil rights and democracy?
What has the advance of civil rights meant for the scope of government?