CITY UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONGDivision of Social Studies
Theme 4:Welfare Institution
Prepared by Group X
What is Social Welfare?
• Laws• Programmes• Benefits• Services
Welfare Institution
PART 1
Sociological perspectives
& Welfare Roles of
Hong Kong Government
Round 1
Functionalism V.S.
Welfare Roles of Hong Kong Government
Functionalism V.S.
H.K. government welfare role
Explanation of Functionalism
Solidarity
Stability
Functionalism V.S.
Welfare role of H.K. GovernmentUsing Family Functions as an example
• Reproduction
• Physical
• Social
• Emotive
Functionalism V.S.
Welfare role of H.K. Government
• Cultural
• Economic
• Education
離婚統計數字
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
年度
發出
個案
離婚判令
資料來源: 1996 年中期人口統計,香港政府統計處 香港統計年刊, 2000 年版,香港特別行政區政府統計處
家庭住戶數字
1240000134000014400001540000164000017400001840000194000020400002140000
1981 1986 1991 1996 2001
年度
家庭
住戶
數目
家庭住戶數目
資料來源: 香港特別行政區政府統計處《 2001 年人口普查》
家庭住戶平均人數
33.13.23.33.43.53.63.73.83.9
4
1981 1986 1991 1996 2001年度
家庭
住戶
平均
人數
家庭住戶平均人數
資料來源: 香港特別行政區政府統計處《 2001 年人口普查》
Functionalism V.S.
Welfare role of H.K. GovernmentFamily system undergoing changes
Size of FamilyRoles of ParentsFamily breaking downLocation of Home
Functionalism V.S.
Welfare role of H.K. Government
Government Reaction Set up Family & Child CenterSet up Single Parent Center
Caritas Mutual Aid Center for Single Parent Families Hong Kong Single Parent Association West Kowloon Single
Parent Career Development Center
Functionalism V.S.
Welfare role of H.K. Government
Government reactionSet up Family Crisis Support CenterProvide Direct and Indirect Subsidy (Comprehensive Social Security Assistance,
9 years free of charge education)
Functionalism V.S.
Welfare role of H.K. Government
Purposes of Providing Welfare
Maintain Stability
Response to the Needs
Functions those Weakened
Functionalism V.S.
Welfare role of H.K. Government
Conclusion
Welfare is a tool!!!!
Round 2
Symbolic Interaction
V.S.Welfare Roles of Hong Kong
Government
Symbolic InteractionV.S. Welfare role of H.K.
government Explanation of Symbolic Interaction
• Focus on individual interactions in specific situations
• No absolute of right or wrong
• View society as products of everyday individual interactions
In the past
• Status: Men>>>Women– Women are seen as a property of men
• Education level: Lower– Less aware of the human right
So, accept being bitten up by husband and are ashamed of reporting!!
NOWADAYS
• Status: Men~Women– Women are more independent of men
• Education level: Higher– Greater awareness of human right
So, find spouse abuse unacceptable and willing to report!
Government’s Welfare Response
• Women Protection Ordinance
• Establishment of organizations for protection of women– HARMONY HOUSE ( 和諧之家 )
Round 3
Conflict Theory V.S.
Welfare Roles of Hong Kong Government
Conflict Theory V.S.
Welfare role of H.K. government
CAPITALISM
Free economic market (like wages system)
government intervention
Private market & property rights
Conflict Theory V.S.
Welfare role of H.K. government
Explanation of CONFLICT THEORY
Conflicts
Deprive
Unequal resources distribution
Conflict Theory V.S.
Welfare role of H.K. government
Under Capitalism, welfare system is to
Maintain the lives of the poor
Decrease social conflict
Release welfare gap
Ensure free market system
Conflict Theory V.S.
Welfare role of H.K. government
Example CSSA
QUESTIONS
Let’s image…..
Q1, What is an “Ideal Society”?
Q2, Are there any problems in the “Ideal Society” ? What are they ?
After the presentation of 3 sociological theories,which is the best to explain the welfare role of
H.K. Government ?
TO BE CONTINUE!
Part 2
Hong Kong Government
Hong Kong SAR Government
B 97 V.S. A 97
Economics 經濟Politics 政治Welfare 福利
ECONOMICS
B 97 V.S. A 97
Government and Business
Strength of Hong Kong EconomyMinimum government interventionClear legal environment……
Weakness of Hong Kong EconomyLack of government support………..
Government & Business
Before 1997Free trade policySupporter
e.g. infrastructure…..
Government and Business
After 1997Positive non-intervention Controller
e.g. Asian Financial Crisis, “ Housing policy”,..
Asian Financial Crisis ( 亞洲金融風暴 )
Government Intervention in Housing Market 政府對樓市的干預
Government Intervention
Good & Bad
Good!Protect the benefit of general
public
Government Intervention
BadPublic depends on the
government.
Then do you think government should intervene the market or not?
B 97 V.S. A 97
POLITICS
B 97 V.S. A 97POLITICS
JUDICIAL
INDEPENDENCE
INTERPRETATION
OF BASIC LAW
Disaster of Laws (Human Rights cannot be
protected)!On January 26, 1999, the Court of Final
Appeal delivered a judgment on the right of abode case ( 居港權事件 )
National People' s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) – 全國人民代表大會常務委員會
NPCSC had offered explanations for some clauses in the Basic Law of the Hong Kong SAR on June 26, 1999 ( 人大釋法 )
The Election Mechanism of
Legislative Council
List system of proportional representation( 比例代表制 )
“first past the post" voting system( 得票最多者當選投票制 )
Accountability System (AS)(問責制 )
Carried out on July 2002. Number of Policy Bureau changed fr
om 16 to 11 (all assigned by Chief Executive)(行政長官任命 ) Plus Chief Secretary for Administration( 政務司司長 ),Financial Secretary( 財政司司長 )and Secretary for Justice( 律政司司長 ) .
Accountability System (AS)(問責制 )
14 Principal Officials (AS) responsible to Chief Executive
Only and not checked & balanced( 制衡 ) by Legislative Council( 立法局 )
Power of Government
Therefore :
• Power of Government after 97 is highly Centralization.
• Policy constitution is consensus and easy to execute
• While power of Government before 97 is relative weak
The Intervention of the SAR government in Welfare Policy
WELFARE
WELFARE
Change of Subsidies Method
The subvention model was Model Cost (MC) and Modified Standard
Cost (MSC) from 1981Repayment system was provided for
overpayments (Actual cost>Budget)
M.C. & M.S.C.
Problems of MC and MSC:
1. Inflexible ( 僵化 )
2. Complex ( 複雜 )
3. Bureaucratic ( 官僚 )
M.C. & M.S.C
M.C. & M.S.C.
Government Policy
To fix these problems, Social Welfare Department (SWD) launched the
“Lump Sum Grant subvention scheme ” and carried out
in December 2000
Lump Sum Grant subvention scheme(LSG)
Under the LSG• SWD will no longer staffing structures , levels
of pay and individual items of expenditure
• NGOs will be given flexibility in develop service.
• No any other external subvention will be given
Use of L.S.G AGREE & DISAGREE
AGREE:
1.Fixable
2.Meet the need of district and the user
3.Accelerate management Modernization of NGOs
Use of L.S.GAGREE & DISAGREE
DISAGREE• Layoff • Pay cut • Lack of Consultation
• Increase user burden
Service Performance Monitoring System (SPMS)
( 服務表現監察制度 )What is SPMS?A. Launched in 04/1999 by SWDB. To ensuring NGOs to manage public
resources effectively to meet performance standard
C. Major Components of the SPMS : 1.Service Quality Standard (SQS) and
2.Funding and Service Agreements (FSA)
編號 標準大要 編號 標準大要標準 1 服務資料 標準 9 安全的環境標準 2 檢討及修訂政策和程序 標準 10 申請和退出服務
標準 3 運作及活動紀錄 標準 11 評估服務使用者的需要
標準 4 職務及責任 標準 12 知情的選擇標準 5 人力資源 標準 13 私人財產標準 6 計劃、計估及收集意見 標準 14 私隱和保密標準 7 財政管理 標準 15 申訴標準 8 法律責任 標準 16 免受侵犯
Sixteen SQS standards (Chinese Version )
原則一︰資料提供 原則二︰ 服務管理 原則三︰為服務使用者提供服務
原則四 ︰尊重服務者使用的權利
Service Performance Monitoring System (SPMS)
( 服務表現監察制度 )
SQS: 服務質素標準 Define the policy procedures and practices
which a service unit should have in place.
Service Performance Monitoring System (SPMS)
( 服務表現監察制度 )
SQS: 服務質素標準Define the policy procedures and pract
ices which a service unit should have in place
Service Performance Monitoring System (SPMS)
( 服務表現監察制度 )
Four Principles in Sixteen Standards Principle 1.Provision of information 資料提供Principle 2.Service management 服務管理 Principle 3.Service to user
為使用者提供的服務Principle 4.Respect for service users right
尊重使用者的權利
Funding and Service Agreements (FSA)
( 津貼及服務協議 )
What is it? It includes the objective and nature of
service to be provided, the output indicators and funding arrangement.
Funding and Service Agreements (FSA)
Content of the agreement
1.Nature of service ( 服務定義 )
2.Performance standards ( 服務表現標準 )
3.Obligations of SWD to service operators
( 社署對服務提供者的責任 )
4.Basis of subvention ( 津貼的基準 )
Funding and Service Agreements (FSA)Content of the agreement
1.Nature of service ( 服務定義 )
2.Performance standards ( 服務表現標準 )
3.Obligations of SWD to service operators
( 社署對服務提供者的責任 )
4.Basis of subvention ( 津貼的基準 )
Government’s View
PRODCTIVITY ( 生產力 )
EFFICIENCY ( 高效能 )
ENTREPRENEURSHIP ( 企業化 )
Service Performance Monitoring System (SPMS)
( 服務表現監察制度 )COMMENT ON THE SPMS
STRENGTH( 優點 )
Quality Service
Measure service performance objectively WEAKNESS( 缺點 )
Too rely on Statistic
Increasing the workload of the worker
Competitive Bidding ( 競爭性投標 )
• Launched in 1999
• Attain efficiency and cost effectiveness in social welfare service
• Pilot test on meal service for the elderly Home care service
• Private sector also invited to bidding residential care services
Competitive Bidding ( 競爭性投標 )
CommentLack of evidence for bidding can cut
costs Private sector concerns profit DiscriminationInstability and Discontinuous
B 97 V.S. A 97CONCLUSION
Other than the above changes,SARS, Negative Equity Asset owner( 負資產 ), Reduce of CSSA( 削減綜
援 ),Legislation of Article 23( 廿三條立法 ),…..
As a result
B 97 V.S. A 97
Let’s imagine The Future of Hong Kong!
QUESTION &
ANSWER
Thanks for your attention