City DrivingCity Driving

TRAFFICTRAFFIC

16-B

PEDESTRIANS Characteristics

Children Schoolchildren

Teens Joggers

Adults Seniors White cane (guide dog)

Hearing impaired

Adapting to them Urban Rural

Yield to them!The most vulnerable of all road users!

5-K

PEDESTRIAN SAFETY WIDE VARIETY OF PEOPLE PEDESTRIAN CORRIDOR

MOST VULNERABLE OF ALL ROAD USERS!

DRIVERS MUST LOOK OUT FOR THEM!

Traffic –Traffic –

BicyclesBicycles MotorcyclesMotorcycles

16-D

CYCLISTS Characteristics Children Adults Seniors Roller bladers Skate boarders

Adapting to… Urban Rural

Evasive actions

Look out for them!They are very vulnerable!

16-E

MOTORCYCLISTS Characteristics Scooters Mopeds Motorcycles

Adapting to them Urban Rural

Evasive actions

They are smaller and less

visible with less protection!

CYCLIST SAFETY

5-L

Cyclists are using the HTS in ever increasing numbers. They swerve to avoid storm drains, puddles, potholes, and debris and may move into your path.

Check for them before turning, changing lanes, or opening your door when parked. Make cyclists aware of your position and your intentions. Tap the horn from a distance.

Be sure to give them plenty of space when passing in the city and even more when in the country.

When driving faster, air turbulence may cause cyclists problems.Never pass when there is oncoming traffic.

Traffic –Traffic – Other Other vehiclesvehicles

16-H

EMERGENCY VEHICLES Characteristics Ambulance Fire Trucks Police

Adapting to… Urban Rural

Cooperation THE LAW

It may be a matter of life and death! Give them the right-of-way!

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BUS DRIVERS Characteristics Drivers Special bus School bus Passengers

- seniors – schoolchildren - handicapped

Adapting to… Urban Rural

THE LAW

They have a difficult task under trying

conditions!

16-F

TRUCK DRIVERS Characteristics

No zones Right turn lane squeeze Hills and grades - on the upgrade - on the downgrade - brake failure

Adapting to… Urban Rural

The largest of theroad users, cooperate with them!

Traffic Flow DevicesTraffic Flow Devices LightsLights

Red Light CameraRed Light Camera The tracking camera predicts if a vehicle will run the light The tracking camera predicts if a vehicle will run the light

based on the speed you are traveling.based on the speed you are traveling. The signal camera records images of the vehicle The signal camera records images of the vehicle

approaching and entering the intersection from behind, with approaching and entering the intersection from behind, with a clear view of the light ahead.a clear view of the light ahead.

The enforcement camera records close-up photographs of The enforcement camera records close-up photographs of the rear licence plate on the vehicle after it has entered the the rear licence plate on the vehicle after it has entered the intersection.intersection.

The fine is the same as if you were not to stop at a stop sign.The fine is the same as if you were not to stop at a stop sign. Keeping in mind the red-light camera only records images Keeping in mind the red-light camera only records images

when a vehicle proceeds into the intersection on a red light.when a vehicle proceeds into the intersection on a red light.

2-K

Pavement MarkingsPavement Markings

5-C

Blind SpotsBlind Spots

REALIZING THE EXISTENCE OF THESE BLIND SPOTS:You should check them whenever you manoeuvre

avoid driving in the blind spots of others be especially aware of “TRUCK NO ZONES”.

Practise until you can check safely, quickly and comfortably!

A NEW STRATEGYTHE NEW BGE SETTING:

reduces blind spots can check using mirrors retains forward view eliminates glare at night

Reading SignsReading Signs

Stop linesStop lines

Reverse Lane Use LightsReverse Lane Use Lights

14-M

Police Directing Traffic

YOU MUST OBEY AUTHORIZED PERSONS!

Right of wayRight of way

5-G

Proceeding Safely

Roundabouts reduce collisions without reducing traffic volume. Pedestrians cross at pedestrian corridors before the intersection – thus removing one risk.

Approaching drivers are directed along a curved path which lends itself to speed reduction. You should reduce speed and be prepared to yield to vehicles already in the roundabout. When no traffic is approaching (or far enough away not to be a hazard), you may enter the roundabout (counter clockwise direction) and proceed. Signal your intentions.

Once engaged, drivers must be given the right-of-way by any traffic approaching the roundabout.

Watch for pedestrians crossing at the pedestrian corridors.

RoundaboutsRoundabouts

Odd

Configurations

Unsafe

Wait

Positions

One Way

5-H

You are automatically at fault if your vehicle “rear-ends” another vehicle, because you are responsible for keeping a safe following distance – one which permits you to stop your vehicle in an emergency.

3 SECOND FOLLOWING DISTANCEPermits the driver to steer and avoid a hazard on a dry surface and to apply the brake pedal to prevent a collision.

FACTORS FOR INCREASING TIME SPEED (as shown above) DENSITY OF TRAFFIC (space, “out”) ROAD CONDITIONS (traction) DRIVING EXPERIENCE WEATHER CONDITIONS (visibility)

Vehicle ahead passes fixed reference point (the brown sign), count one thousand and one, one thousand and two, etc.

Your vehicle should reach the sign,after you say one thousand and four (at least).

Following Distance Following Distance

What else is a What else is a following distance following distance

good for????good for???? Of course to avoid rear end collisonsOf course to avoid rear end collisons Help other vehicles pass youHelp other vehicles pass you Helps you see around larger objectsHelps you see around larger objects Gives you more time to react to Gives you more time to react to

various situationsvarious situations

Scanning is very Scanning is very important. Knowing important. Knowing what is happening what is happening ahead (IPDE). ahead (IPDE). Knowing when to Knowing when to start looking for real start looking for real and potential and potential hazards. You have to hazards. You have to be able to avoid be able to avoid collisions, but you collisions, but you won’t be able to do won’t be able to do that if you don’t that if you don’t know when to start know when to start looking for these looking for these hazards.hazards.

TurnsTurnsFirst things first….First things first….

SSignal: about 2 parking meters away from the ignal: about 2 parking meters away from the corner [roughly 2 houses away], first broken line corner [roughly 2 houses away], first broken line before solid one, just before you let go of your gas before solid one, just before you let go of your gas pedalpedal

MMirror: check your rearview mirror for cars irror: check your rearview mirror for cars coming behind you or bicyclescoming behind you or bicycles

SShoulder Check: for all right turns for something houlder Check: for all right turns for something in your blind spot, before changing into the in your blind spot, before changing into the turning lane (right lane, curb lane)turning lane (right lane, curb lane)

MMove: Smoothlyove: Smoothly or or

Something easier….Something easier….

SS MM SS MM

Right TurnsRight Turns

Besides the SMSM…..Besides the SMSM….. Brake before the Brake before the

corner corner Move over by the curb Move over by the curb

(do not look at the (do not look at the curb, look where you curb, look where you want to be positioned, want to be positioned, keep your eyes up)keep your eyes up)

Steer into your first Steer into your first available driving lane, available driving lane, not in the parking lanenot in the parking lane

SMOOTH SMOOTH movements!movements!

Left TurnsLeft TurnsAt a stop sign, make sure to come to a complete stop before the crosswalk, do not use your stop sign as your guide, where the pedestrians walk is where you want to stop. Make sure there are no pedestrians before creeping up into the crosswalk to see the cross traffic better, pull up when safe, check for traffic, if none proceed.

LightsRed: stop wait for a green light or green arrow.

Green arrow: yield to oncoming traffic and pedestrians, proceed when safe.

Green light:: If you are the first vehicle pull up, not to much (margin of safety) when its clear, proceed with caution. The second vehicle, wait behind the stop line, if the first vehicle goes and your light is still green, pull up and turn if safe to do so.

Keep in mind….Keep in mind…. Right turn on red lights is usually Right turn on red lights is usually

allowed after you stop completely.allowed after you stop completely. Pedestrians in the crosswalk or Pedestrians in the crosswalk or

entering into the crosswalk must be entering into the crosswalk must be allowed to go first.allowed to go first.

Oncoming cars on left turns must be Oncoming cars on left turns must be allowed to clear before you turn.allowed to clear before you turn.

Proceed on a left turn after it is safe!!!Proceed on a left turn after it is safe!!!

Lane PositioningLane Positioning

CHANGING LANES

11-G

SCAN – IDENTIFY – PREDICT Check traffic ahead (1.a) Check the lane you wish to enter (1.a) (space, speed of vehicles, obstacles) Check in the mirrors (1.b) (space and speed) Check in the blind spot (1.c) Is the manoeuvre PERMITTED and SAFE?

DECIDE Activate the turn signal (2.a) Re-check traffic ahead (2.b) Re-check the mirrors (2.c) Re-check in the blind spot (2.d) (across the entire road – multi-lane) Be prepared TO ABORT and start over

EXECUTE Aim high (target) at the centre of the intended lane (3.a) Adjust speed (3.b) (accelerate gently if traffic permits) Steer gently (3.c) (ease into the lane) Centre your vehicle in the lane (4.a) by aiming far ahead (4.b) Re-adjust speed (4.c) (to the traffic flow) Cancel the turn signal

Intersection CollisionsIntersection CollisionsThe situation:The situation:

A green car, which has been stationary at a red light, A green car, which has been stationary at a red light, moves off when the light changes to green. An orange moves off when the light changes to green. An orange

car then runs the red light from the other direction and car then runs the red light from the other direction and crashes into the green car.crashes into the green car.

Questions:

What could have caused the driver of the orange vehicle to run through the red light? What steps could the driver of the orange car have taken to avoid this situation? What could the driver in the green car have done to avoid the crash? When learning to drive what are some situations that you have come across where your safety has been put at risk by others doing the wrong thing? What did you do? Are there situations where you have put other road users at risk? Explain Does 'being in the right' always mean you should go ahead?

Driving for the conditionsDriving for the conditions The situation:The situation:

A country road curves to the right and motorist is A country road curves to the right and motorist is driving at 55 km/h. The advisory sign says 55 km/h, but driving at 55 km/h. The advisory sign says 55 km/h, but the road is wet. The driver loses control of this vehicle the road is wet. The driver loses control of this vehicle

and it slides off the road into a tree.and it slides off the road into a tree.

Questions:Questions:

What are some What are some possible reasons why possible reasons why the crash happened? the crash happened?

What is an advisory What is an advisory sign? How does it sign? How does it differ from a posted differ from a posted speed limit? speed limit?

Under what road Under what road conditions or conditions or circumstances would circumstances would it be safer to drive it be safer to drive below the advisory or below the advisory or posted speed? posted speed?

Overtaking Overtaking The situation:The situation:

A driver in a red car has been stuck behind a large A driver in a red car has been stuck behind a large truck for some time and is angry and frustrated. The truck for some time and is angry and frustrated. The

truck driver suddenly waves for the driver to go around.truck driver suddenly waves for the driver to go around. Questions:Questions:

What could happen in the What could happen in the situation shown -situation shown -- to the oncoming driver?- to the oncoming driver?- to the truck driver?- to the truck driver?- to the overtaking driver?- to the overtaking driver?

If you were driving behind a If you were driving behind a large or slow vehiclelarge or slow vehicle- what things might you do to - what things might you do to ensure you and other road ensure you and other road users are safe?users are safe?- what is considered to be - what is considered to be safe following distance?safe following distance?- under what circumstances - under what circumstances would it be safe to overtake? would it be safe to overtake?

Should drivers in any Should drivers in any situation rely on others? Why situation rely on others? Why and in which situations? and in which situations?

Rear End CollisionsRear End Collisions The situation:The situation:

A number of cars are following each other when the one A number of cars are following each other when the one in front stops suddenly as the traffic light changes to in front stops suddenly as the traffic light changes to red. The three cars following run into each other. The red. The three cars following run into each other. The first car, which has stopped at the traffic light, is not first car, which has stopped at the traffic light, is not damaged because the second car managed to stop in damaged because the second car managed to stop in

time.time. Questions:Questions:

What do you consider to be What do you consider to be the cause of the crash? the cause of the crash?

Which driver (or drivers) Which driver (or drivers) would you consider to be would you consider to be "at fault"? "at fault"?

What could the driver of What could the driver of the green car in front have the green car in front have done differently to keep done differently to keep others safer? others safer?

How could the three How could the three drivers following the green drivers following the green car have avoided the crash? car have avoided the crash?

When coming up to a traffic When coming up to a traffic light what are some things light what are some things drivers can do to make drivers can do to make themselves and others themselves and others safer? safer?

What is considered to be What is considered to be safe following distance?safe following distance?

Driving at NightDriving at NightThe situation:The situation:

The driver is coming home from a long day at work The driver is coming home from a long day at work along a suburban street very late at night. The street is along a suburban street very late at night. The street is not well lit. A person in a grey tracksuit suddenly runs not well lit. A person in a grey tracksuit suddenly runs out from the side of the road and narrowly avoids being out from the side of the road and narrowly avoids being

run over.run over. Questions:Questions:

What are some What are some possible reasons why possible reasons why drivers are involved drivers are involved in road crashes at in road crashes at night? (Hint - night? (Hint - there there is more to it than is more to it than just darknessjust darkness). ).

What can drivers do What can drivers do to be safer when to be safer when driving at night or driving at night or when they are tired? when they are tired?

Special Situations Special Situations Manitoba Public InsuranceManitoba Public Insurance

5-O

PARALLEL PARKINGThe ability to perform this manoeuvre is essential when parking in thecrowded urban environment. Look for a space one and a half times the length of your vehicle on the right side of the roadway.

SCAN–IDENTIFY-PREDICT: Locate a parking space Make sure the space is legal (sign, driveway, fire hydrant) Is the space large enough? Are you in the correct lane? Check oncoming traffic Check mirrors and blind spot

IS THE MANOEUVRE SAFE?

DECIDE: Tap the brake pedal (1) Activate the right turn signal Recheck mirrors and blind spot Reduce speed Stop beside the vehicle (2) (parallel to the curb, three feet away, back bumpers in line) Shift to reverse Recheck oncoming traffic and left mirror Assume position for backing into a right turn

EXECUTE: Ease off the brake pedal (clutch friction point – standard) Gentle accelerator pressure to initiate movement, if needed Reverse slowly (on grades, brake/gas may be required) Turn the steering wheel sharply When you reach (3) the proper angle (30º to 45º with the curb or in line with front right corner of vehicle behind) counter steer to straighten Control speed (speed tends to increase as wheels straighten) When your right front corner clears the vehicle ahead (4), look back and steer left rapidly Prior to stopping, countersteer Stop without touching the vehicle behind (5) Shift to drive (1st gear-standard) Advance slowly (6) (straighten and position your vehicle in the centre of the space Follow the procedures to exit your vehicle

5-P

PARKING ON A HILLPARKING ON A HILL: You must turn the front tires in such a manner as to cause the vehicle to roll out of traffic or against the curb (which will prevent it from moving) should the vehicle start to move on its own. The parking brake and the shifter lock mechanism have been known to slip or break.

DOWNHILL UPHILL NO CURBUPHILL WITH A CURB

When parking downhill:Whether or not there is a curb, the tires should be turned toward the near side of the road.

When parking uphill:With a curb, the tires should be turned away from the near side of the road.

When parking uphill:Without a curb, the tires should be turned toward the near side of the road.

Parking Pointers – Always look for traffic before opening a vehicle door. By law, you may not leave your vehicle unattended when the motor is running except when warming the vehicle or defrosting the windshield. Ideally, you should have a spare key and lock your doors. When leaving from a parked position, signal, and wait until it is safe before pulling out.

ENTERING TRAFFIC

5-A

Depress brake (1)

Select drive (2)

Release parking brake (3)

Mirrors & blind spot (4)

Check traffic (gap)

Signal (5)

Recheck mirrors & blind spot (6)

Release brake (7)

Target path of travel and steer (8)

Accelerate gently (9)

Target lane far ahead

City DrivingCity Driving 1.1. Accelerating, stopping, turning (what will cause you to vary these Accelerating, stopping, turning (what will cause you to vary these

in the city)in the city)2.2. Speed selection (what will cause you to vary your speed in the city)Speed selection (what will cause you to vary your speed in the city)3.3. Following distance (when will you increase it)Following distance (when will you increase it)4.4. Reduce sight (what causes you not to see as far)Reduce sight (what causes you not to see as far)5.5. Lane choice (which one do you want, why?)Lane choice (which one do you want, why?)6.6. Stopping position, where do you stop: 1)stop sign, with white lines? Stopping position, where do you stop: 1)stop sign, with white lines?

2)stop sign, no lines? 3)traffic lights?2)stop sign, no lines? 3)traffic lights?7.7. Intersections: there are two types, what are they, and how do you Intersections: there are two types, what are they, and how do you

know the differenceknow the difference8.8. Speed limits, what are they: City of Regina, Regina school Zone, Speed limits, what are they: City of Regina, Regina school Zone,

Passing city workersPassing city workers9.9. Stopped school buses, what do you do? In Regina? Provincially?Stopped school buses, what do you do? In Regina? Provincially?10.10. Sharing the road, what will be on the road with you?Sharing the road, what will be on the road with you?11.11. Scanning/eye movements (how far ahead do you look, in the city, Scanning/eye movements (how far ahead do you look, in the city,

and where else do you look?and where else do you look?12.12. Lane position, where do you position you vehicle: When in right Lane position, where do you position you vehicle: When in right

lane, parked cars on your right? When in center lane? When in left lane, parked cars on your right? When in center lane? When in left lane by a boulevard?lane by a boulevard?

13.13. Fuel efficient driving: How do you save $$$$?Fuel efficient driving: How do you save $$$$?14.14. Lane changing, do you usually accelerate or brake? If accelerate, Lane changing, do you usually accelerate or brake? If accelerate,

when, If braking, when?when, If braking, when?