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Chinook Salmon Adult Abundance Monitoring
Paul Kucera and Dave Faurot
Nez Perce Tribe Department of
Fisheries Resources Management
BPA Project 199703000
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Goal:
Accurately assess the spring and summer chinook salmon spawning migration in the Secesh River and Lake Creek on an annual basis
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Objectives:
• Accurately determine adult spring and summer chinook salmon escapement into the Secesh River and Lake Creek drainages on an annual basis
• Determine the timing of adult spring and summer chinook salmon spawning migration into the Secesh River and Lake Creek
• Compare redd count expansion data with underwater video determined abundance
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Fisheries Management Needs for Snake River Basin Chinook Salmon
Tributary Specific Knowledge
Population Status (Hatchery and Natural)
Adult Abundance
Population Growth Rate
Spatial Distribution
Genetic Stock Structure
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Need for Adult Abundance Information
Population Status Monitoring
Recovery Status (ESA) - NMFS (2000), McElhaney et al. (2000), NMFS (2002),
Conservation Status - Reed and Blaustein (1997), Botkin et al. (2000) , Mundy (1999), Foose et al. (1995),
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Lake Creek Video Fish Counting Station
Flow
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Monitoring and Evaluation Plan:
• Criteria for determining when impacts associated with the structure are significant
– Fish Impedance
– Spawner Displacement
• Guidelines for corrective action
• Plan implementation schedule
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Lake Creek Adult Salmon Abundance
Year
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Abu
ndan
ce
0
200
400
600
800
5286
324
697
410
490
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Fish Per Redd Numbers
LOCATION GROUP FISH/REDD
Lake Creek 1998 NPT 1.02
Lake Creek 1999 NPT 3.58
Lake Creek 2001 NPT 2.07
Lake Creek 2002 NPT 2.05
Lake Creek 2003 NPT 1.99
Imnaha River ODFW 1.64-6.80
Lookingglass Creek ODFW 2.3-4.5
South Fork SR PATH 2.31
South Fork SR ISS 3.2
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n=Lake Creek Salmon Migration Timing
1998
-10
10
Nu
mb
er o
f F
ish
2001
-200
204060
6/1 6/15 6/29 7/13 7/27 8/10 8/24 9/7
Date
Num
ber
of F
ish
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Adult Salmon Movement
-20
0
20
40
60
26-Jun
10-Jul
24-Jul
7-Aug
21-Aug
Date
Num
ber
of F
ish
Net Movement Total Movement
2002
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Abundance Data
Purpose is to Provide
• Population Census
• Population Estimate
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Idaho Chinook Salmon Redd Counts
Purpose is to provide
• Index of Relative Abundance
• Trend Information
Are one time index area counts conducted afterthe peak of spawning
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-100
-50
0
50
100
150
0 200 400 600 800
Video Abundance
% D
iffe
ren
ce B
etw
een
A
bu
nd
ance
an
d R
edd
E
xpan
sio
ns
Peak Index ReddExpansion
Multiple Pass IndexRedd Expansion
Extensive Area ReddExpansion
Adult Salmon Abundanceversus
Redd Count Expansion Data
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Limitations of Redd Counts:
• Redd counts have unquantified sources of measurement error
•“Index redd counts conducted by the IDFG are used for trend information, not escapement estimates” (S. Kiefer et al. 1996)
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Limitations in Redd Count Expansions
• Redd Count Measurement Error
• Fish Per Redd Number
• Survey Area (Index vs. Extensive)
• Prespawning Mortality
• Sex Composition
• Age Structure
Sources of Uncertainty
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Acoustic Imaging Camera (DIDSON)[DIDSON = Dual frequency IDentification SONar]
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Acoustic Imaging Camera (DIDSON)
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Validation Underwater Video
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Validation Underwater Video
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DIDSON Validation
0102030405060708090
100
Aug.1
Aug.2
Aug.3
Aug.4
Aug.5
Aug.6
Aug.7
Aug.8
Aug.9
Date
Per
cen
t O
bse
rved
DIDSON Optical Cameran=10 n=20 n=45 n=17 n=37 n=125 n=54 n=50 n=75
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Summary• Adult salmon spawner abundance in Lake Creek
ranged from 52 to 697 fish• Salmon spawner migration timing ranged from June 9
to September 6• Fish per redd numbers were variable, ranging from
1.02 to 3.58 (including jacks)• Redd count expansion abundance estimates were
highly variable, are not consistently biased, and have unquantified sources of error
• Redd count expansion techniques are not a viable method in RM&E study designs to address abundance based Biological Opinion Tier 2 or Tier 3 questions
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Summary
• Redd count expansion techniques are not a viable method for measurement of NMFS interim salmon abundance targets
• Acoustic imaging camera (DIDSON) was installed on the Secesh River in 2004 to estimate adult abundance
• Preliminary independent validation indicated that DIDSON identified 100% of all salmon targets