42
432000
Timothy S. Collett
Rick Lewis
Takashi Uchida
21
cagework
200
1930 Kazakhstan
55
1. Sloan ED JrMarcel Dekker 1998
2. Bagirov E Lerche I Hydrartes Represent GasSource Drilling Hazard Oil & Gas Journal 95
48 1997 10 1 99-101 104
ClamartµƒGerard Daccord WoodsHole William Dillon Nagaoka
Yoshi Kawamura RidgefieldRobert Kleinberg
AIT DSIFMI PlatformExpress
44
>
150 180
1500500
325 1600 100500
BlakeCascade
3. Krajick K 1064 1997 3 26-31
4. Collett TS ProdhoeAAPG 77
5 1993 5 793-812
MacDonald IR Guinasso N Sassen R Brooks JMLee L Scott KT
22 81994 8 4539-4555
Suess E Torres ME Bohrmann G Collier RW GreinertJ Linke P Rehder G Trehu A Wallman K WinchlerG Zuleger E
170 1-2 1999 6 1-15
5. Collet TS Kuuskraa VA96 19 1998
5 11 90-95
6. Krajick 3
7. Kvenvolden K31 2 1993
5 173-187
8. Makogan YFTulsa PennWell Books
1997
452000
10,000
5000
1000
500
100
50
, m
1000
500
100
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10
5
1
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10
-10 0 10 20 30 40
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10,0005000
= 1015
>
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Kvenvolden 7
20,000700,000Tcf
99%2
2,5008800Tcf
100
46
> 1968 Messoyakha
Messoyakha
Messoyakha1 9 6 8
Messoyakha
20 8060
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1/3 Messoyakha2.8Tcf 7900 m
1/3
Novaya Zemlya
K A R A
Yamal
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Pur Taz
Norilsk
Ob
Messoyakha
0 500
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472000
109 121 150 142 7
, m
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, 10
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8
7
6
5
4
3
2
11970 1975 1980 1985
2
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, MPa
> Messoyakha
>Messoyakha5
I IIIII IV V
1969
1971
Messoyakha36% 183Tcf
50 m
Prduhoe Kuparuk
9. Collet TS Ginsberg GDMessoyakha
8 1 1998 3 22-29
48
0 100
0 60
B E A U F O R TOliktok Point Milne Point
HarrisonGwydyr
2 NorthwestEileen
B E A U F O R T
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300400
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100
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400
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600700
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0 10
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1972ARCO Exxon 2 Northwest Eileen
PrudhoeKuparuk
210 950690 3120ft
45550
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> Prudhoe
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BSR
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> ARCO Exxon 2 Northwest Eileen 21 4
>
10. Collet 4
Collet TSSPE 49298 SPE
1998 9 27-30
11. Collet T
1998 10 20-22 1-12
12. Yuan J Edwards RNBSR
27 16 20008 15 2397-2400
50
1 101 201 301 401 501 601
3000
3500
4000
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, m 200
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400
1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900
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British Columibia Vancouver250
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> Blake BSRBSR
Talor MH Dillon WP Pecdher IA Blake
2000 79-89 William P. Dillon
> British ColumbiaODP
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thw
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n
B E A U F O R T
M A C K E N Z I E
0 50
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GSCJNOC
JAPEX USGS
Machenzie1998
Mallik 2L-38Imperial Oil Ltd.
Malik2L-38
Mallik 2L-38640 2100ft
AIT DSIPlatform Express
1150 3770ft
Mallik 2L-38
13. http:// abacus.er.usgs.gov/hydrates/index.html
14. http://obs.er.usgs.gov/blakeRidge95.html
15. Getrust J Wood W Lindwall D Chapman R WaliaR Hannay D Spence G Louden K MacDonaldR Hyndman RD
EOS80 38 1999
9 21 439-440
16.
17. Ecker C Dvorkin J Nur AAVO
63 5 1998 9-10 1659-1669
18. Collett TS Lewis RE Dallimore SR Lee MW MrozTH Uchida T JAPEX/JNOC/GCS Mallik 2L-
38Dallimore
SR Uchida T Collett TS(eds)Machenzie JAPEX/JNOC/GCS
Mallik 2L-38
544 1999 295-311
>
52
, m
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N
m3/m3
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API
API
cm
ohm-m
ohm-m
ohm-m
897.5109.5 2945 3640ft
200 656ft
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km/secVp/Vs
20% 40%
>Mallik 2L-38 2 480%
532000
, m
890
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He
g/cm
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U
90%
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3-4 10 mMallik
JAPEXNankai
BSR
>Mallik 2L-38 2 34 5
19. Collet TS39 SPWLA
1998 5 26-29MM
54
0 500
0 300
Hokkaido
Honshu
Kyushu
Shikoku
N a n k a i
1999 2000945 3100ft
1600 3100ft3300 10,830ft
LWDLWD LWD LWD
NMR
80%
1996 MontereyBay Aquarium MBARI
34
>
20. Uchida T Hailong L Tomaru H Dallimore SMatsumoto R Oda H Delwiche M Okada S
Tokai Nankai
EOS81 22 2000 5 30 WP59
21. Kazuhiko T Uchida Akihisa K TokaiMITI Nankai
EOS81 22 2000 5 30 WP60
22. Sloan 1
23. Brewer PG Orr FM Jr Friedrich G Kvenvolden KAOrange DL McFarlane J Kirkwood W
25 5 1997 5 407-410
24.
http://www.mbari.org/-brpe/gas_hydrates.html
552000
BOP
BOP
1000305
1. Brandt W Dang AS Magne E Crowley D HoustonK Rennie A Hodder M Stringer R Juninti R OharaS Rushton S
10 1 1998 2-21
2. Barker JW Gomez RDSPE 16130 SPE/
IADC
1987 3 15-18
3. Tohidi B Danesh A Burgass RW Todd AC
SPE 35568 SPEStavanger 1996
7 16-17
4. Christie AKishino A Cromb J Hensley R Kent E McNeachC Stewart H, Vidal A Koot L
11 4 1999/20002-19
5. Bagirov and Lerche 2
56
Messoyakha
>
25. Haq BU
GSA 8 11 1998 11 1-6
Hovland M Lysne D
3 1998 263-271
26. Collett 11
27. Okuda Y49 10 1998 494-
500
28. Kvenvolden KA96 1999 3
3420-3426
29. Licking E1998 12 4 79-80
30. Kvenvolden 7
31. Haq 25
32. Gudmundsson JS Andersson V Levik OIHydrates Concept for Capturing Associated Gas
SPE 50598 SPE1998 10 20-22
33. Gudmundsson JS Andersson V Levik OI
OMC 97 21997 3 19-21 1075-1083
572000
5
BSR
40
CO 20
120390ft
20 66ft
NTNU
NTNU
-15 5 F -15 5 F
•
• LNG
•
•
•
•
LS
>
Kvenvolden KA96
1999 3 3420-3426