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Chicago Area Waterway System As An Invasion Pathway for Crustaceans
Reuben Keller, Gabrielle Habeeb, Jonathon Brenner & Trent Henry Institute of Environmental Sustainability
Loyola University Chicago [email protected]
ICAIS, April 11th, 2016
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CAWS Is An Invasion Corridor
• Lake Michigan and Illinois River connected by Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal
• Important AIS connection at continental scale
• Asian carp is current focus
• Little recent sampling for ‘non-fish’ taxa
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Scud (Apocorophium lacustre)
• Native to Atlantic, mostly estuaries
• Spread to Gulf of Mexico, and then into Mississippi (1988), Ohio (1996), and Illinois (2003) Rivers
• Last sampled Dresden Pool (just downstream of CAWS) in 2005
• Declared GLMRIS “Species of Concern” for spread into Great Lakes
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Crayfish
• Rusty crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) well known from Lake Michigan and CAWS
• Reports of red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii), but nothing confirmed
• Recent discovery of red swamp crayfish in Wisconsin lead to a multi-year eradication effort
• No systematic sampling of crayfish in CAWS for (at least) decades
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Objectives, Methods
Scud: Assess current distribution of scud in CAWS and Lake Michigan harbors - Hester Dendy samplers, Ponar, kick- nets, at 25 sites in CAWS and Lake Michigan harbors Crayfish: Assess crayfish community composition in CAWS and Lake Michigan harbors - Minnow traps at 18 sites (12-20/ site) in CAWS and Lake Michigan harbors
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Distribution of Scud
• Found at a single site in the Dresden Pool
• Large numbers of macroinvertebrate crustaceans found elsewhere, giving some confidence in our methods
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What Does This Mean?
• After spreading rapidly to Dresden Pool, scud have (apparently) not spread in last decade
• No obvious water quality changes from Dresden Pool into CAWS, and lots of boat traffic
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What Does This Mean?
• After spreading rapidly to Dresden Pool, scud have (apparently) not spread in last decade
• No obvious water quality changes from Dresden Pool into CAWS, and lots of boat traffic
• 25 sites in a very large system is only 25 sites….....
• Development of sampling methods is required
• Scud remain one of the most imminent non-native species threats to the Great Lakes
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Crayfish Distributions
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Crayfish Distributions
• Red swamp crayfish well established in North Shore Canal
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Crayfish Distributions
• Red swamp crayfish well established in North Shore Canal
• Rusty crayfish widespread, and dominant in all harbors
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Crayfish Distributions
• Red swamp crayfish is well established in North Shore Canal
• Rusty crayfish widespread, and dominant in all harbors
• Native species found only in relatively undisturbed section of North Branch
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What Does This Mean?
• Red swamp crayfish well established, unknown for how long
• Rustys and red swamp nearby to each other, but little overlap – competitive interactions?
• 18 sites in a large system is only 18 sites
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Conclusions
• CAWS remains an active pathway for spread of non-native aquatic species
• Almost all recent sampling and AIS management in the CAWS has focused on Asian carp, but the threat is much wider
• Management to prevent spread of scud, and to prevent spread of red swamp crayfish, could reduce future AIS problems
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Outreach... with Kelly Garbach & Ellen Cole
• Outreach is a large part of AIS management
• Assumes that knowledge of AIS issues and how to prevent spread will lead to ‘good’ behaviors
• Common message is to clean hull between waterbodies
• Little work to assess whether outreach is effective
Outreach Provider
Media Events Personal Contacts
Boater Knowledge
Boater Action
Fewer Invasions
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Does Outreach to Better Behavior?
Outreach Provider
Media Events
Boater Knowledge
Boater Action
Fewer Invasions
Metrics of outreach success are number of contacts with public,
number of brochures/posters distributed, etc.
Personal Contacts
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Networks of Waterbodies
• 6,000 surveys sent to Illinois boaters, 515 usable surveys returned
• Responses about travel patterns, combined with behaviors, allow us to construct networks of Illinois lakes
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Network of Boater Connections, ≥ 5 visits
ALL BOATERS n = 28 Density = 0.217 Path length = 2.280
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Network of Boater Connections, ≥ 5 visits
ALL BOATERS n = 28 Density = 0.217 Path length = 2.280
‘BAD’ ACTORS n = 25 Density = 0.153 Path length = 2.612
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Questions?