Chemical Bonding-Focus Ionic!
Bonding: Ionic, Metallic, & Covalent
Vocabulary
Chemical Bond attractive force between atoms or ions that binds
them together as a unit
The type of bond is determined by how the valence electrons are shared among the bonded atoms
The energy required to break a bond = “Bond Energy”
Vocabulary
Ionic Bond Formed when valence electrons are completely
transferred from one atom to another.
Not a “real” bond, is an electrostatic attraction of ions!! Attraction between anions and cations Occurs between metals and nonmetals – large
difference in electronegativity.
Valence Electrons:
ELECTRONS AVAILABLE
FOR BONDING
The Formation of Sodium Chloride
Sodium has 1 valence electron
Cl: 1s22s22p63s23p5
Na: 1s22s22p63s1
Chlorine has 7 valence electrons
An electron transferred gives each an octet
The Formation of Sodium Chloride
Cl- 1s22s22p63s23p6
Na+ 1s22s22p6
This transfer forms ions, each with an octet:
IONIC
Bond Formation
Type of Structure
Solubility in Water
Electrical Conductivity
OtherProperties
e- are transferred from metal to nonmetal
high
yes (solution or liquid)
yes
MeltingPoint
crystal lattice
Properties of Ionic Compounds
Physical State
solid
Ionic Bonding - Crystal Lattice
All salts are ionic compounds and form crystals
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Dot Notations – Period 2Lewis dot notations for the valence electrons of the elements of Period 2.
lithium
Liberyllium
Beboron
Bcarbon
C
nitrogen
Noxygen
Ofluorine
Fneon
Ne
Lewis Structures
Electron Dot Diagrams show valence e- as dots distribute dots like arrows
in an orbital diagram 4 sides = 1 s-orbital, 3 p-orbitals EX: oxygen
2s 2pO
X
Lewis Structures
Octet Rule Most atoms form bonds in order to obtain 8
valence e-
Full energy level stability ~ Noble Gases
Ne
Lewis Structures & Bonding Ionic – show transfer of e-
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Ionic Boding!
Lewis Structures & Bonding Examples:
Al & Br
K & O
Lewis Structures & Bonding
Mg & N