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Chemical Bonding and Oxygen
Consumption in SportsBy: Amy McBride
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What is hemoglobin?
•Hemoglobin is a protein-based component of red blood cells which is mostly responsible for moving oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body.
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-hemoglobin.htm
www.walgreens.com/library/careguides/careguide.jsp?docid=00021...
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How is hemoglobin important in the transport of oxygen to our bodies?
•Hemoglobin is a protein that has metal in it which helps it to transport oxygen•Hemoglobin has four major parts to it and each has an iron atom bound•Each iron atom can be oxidized when bound with a molecule of oxygen
http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/mole00/mole00765.htm
www.buzzle.com/articles/low-hemoglobin-levels.html
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Why is the transport of oxygen by hemoglobin a real-life example of chemical bonding?
• It is a real-life example of chemical bonding because in each of the four parts of hemoglobin there is a bound iron atom
www.miracleofthebloodandheart.com/5.htm
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How is hemoglobin related to a successful climb to the top of Mt. Everest?
www.travelwires.com/wp/2009/04/qatar-airways-backs-everest-mou...
•Hemoglobin would relate to the successful climbing of a mountain because when going up into high altitudes the concentration of hemoglobin is known to increase
http://www.case.edu/affil/tibet/booksAndPapers/Hemoglobin%20Conc-Tibetans.pdf
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What does pH have to do with the transport of oxygen by hemoglobin?
www.stepfast.org/tencommandments.html
•When you exercise the metabolic activity is higher and more acids are produced and local pH becomes lower than normal•Low pH makes the attraction between hemoglobin and oxygen decrease which makes hemoglobin release more oxygen
http://health.howstuffworks.com/sports-physiology10.htm
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What is blood doping?
http://www.bicycle.net/2009/italian-prosecutor-demanding-two-year-ban-for-valverde
•Blood doping is the act of boosting the amount of red blood cells into the bloodstream to enhance athletic performance
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_doping
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What is the difference between autologous and homologous blood doping?
•There are two types of blood doping•Homologous transfusion is when the blood comes from another person•Autologous transfusion is when the persons own blood is taken, stored, and later rein fused
http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=features/2004/blood_doping
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What is EPO and why is it used?
•EPO is a glycoprotein hormone that controls red blood cells•It is used to help heal wounds
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythropoietinhttp://www.vet.uga.edu/VPP/CLERK/strait/fig01.jpg
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What are the medical uses of blood doping?
• Artificial oxygen carriers are the only form of blood doping that has medical use
• Was developed for emergencies where there is no time to determine blood type, there is a risk of infection, or no other blood is available
http://www.teachpe.com/drugs/doping.php
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Why is blood doping used in sport?
www.ehow.com/how_2300136_build-cycling-endurance.html
http://www.kidzworld.com/article/1832-blood-doping-in-sports-athletes-cheating
•Blood doping is used in sport of high endurance such as running or cycling •It is used because it increases the number of red blood cells in the body which gives more oxygen to muscles and gives the athlete an advantage
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Documented example of blood doping used in sport #1
• In 2003 Alexandre Vinokourov was tested for blood doping and the result was positive in the Toure de France
http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/cycling/6914301.stm
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Documented example of blood doping used in sport #2
• Switzerland - Spanish cyclist Alejandro Valverde has to go to two court hearings over allegations that he was blood doping to help improve his athletic performance
http://blog.taragana.com/sports/2009/12/15/cas-to-examine-alleged-blood-doping-by-spanish-cyclist-alejandro-valverde-over-2-court-cases-56511/
hhtvlive.ning.com/
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Side effects of blood doping
repairstemcell.wordpress.com/tag/cell/http://www.ehow.com/facts_5565127_blood-doping-side-effects.html
•Rare blood thickening disease called polycythemia Vera •Blood clots•Enlarged spleen•Skin reddening•Stomach/peptic ulcers•Gout•Kidney stones