![Page 1: CHEM 1123 Survey of General, Organic, and Biochemistry Dr. Fabiola Janiak-Spens fspens@occc.edu Website: Office: 1D6A Office Hours:](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061618/56649d6d5503460f94a4dbfb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CHEM 1123Survey of General,
Organic, and Biochemistry
Dr. Fabiola [email protected]
Website: www.occc.edu/fspensOffice: 1D6A
Office Hours: T & Th: 9 - 11 amM & W: 2 – 3:30 pm
1
![Page 2: CHEM 1123 Survey of General, Organic, and Biochemistry Dr. Fabiola Janiak-Spens fspens@occc.edu Website: Office: 1D6A Office Hours:](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061618/56649d6d5503460f94a4dbfb/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
CHEMICALS are everywhere!
Which ingredients are chemicals?
Cinnamon Burst Cheerios Ingredient List2
![Page 3: CHEM 1123 Survey of General, Organic, and Biochemistry Dr. Fabiola Janiak-Spens fspens@occc.edu Website: Office: 1D6A Office Hours:](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061618/56649d6d5503460f94a4dbfb/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
More Chemicals
3
![Page 4: CHEM 1123 Survey of General, Organic, and Biochemistry Dr. Fabiola Janiak-Spens fspens@occc.edu Website: Office: 1D6A Office Hours:](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061618/56649d6d5503460f94a4dbfb/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Chemicals in ToothpasteChemical = a substance that has the same composition and
property regardless of where it is found
4
![Page 5: CHEM 1123 Survey of General, Organic, and Biochemistry Dr. Fabiola Janiak-Spens fspens@occc.edu Website: Office: 1D6A Office Hours:](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061618/56649d6d5503460f94a4dbfb/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
How to be successful in this class
Be prepared: look at syllabus, read assigned chapter, do examples in text, do suggested homework.
Come to class.
Do quizzes.
Form study groups, make use of internet resources, use tutors in physical science center.
Talk to me before it gets to be too late.
5
![Page 6: CHEM 1123 Survey of General, Organic, and Biochemistry Dr. Fabiola Janiak-Spens fspens@occc.edu Website: Office: 1D6A Office Hours:](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061618/56649d6d5503460f94a4dbfb/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Unit 1Measurements and
Dimensional Analysis
Reading Assignment:
Chapter 1
Chapter 2: sections 2.1 and 2.4 only
Chapter 3: section 3.1 only
6
![Page 7: CHEM 1123 Survey of General, Organic, and Biochemistry Dr. Fabiola Janiak-Spens fspens@occc.edu Website: Office: 1D6A Office Hours:](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061618/56649d6d5503460f94a4dbfb/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
MeasurementsMeasurement: a number followed by a unit
7
![Page 8: CHEM 1123 Survey of General, Organic, and Biochemistry Dr. Fabiola Janiak-Spens fspens@occc.edu Website: Office: 1D6A Office Hours:](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061618/56649d6d5503460f94a4dbfb/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Units of MeasurementThe metric system or SI (international system) is
•a decimal system based on 10.
•used in most of the world.
•used everywhere by scientists.
8
![Page 9: CHEM 1123 Survey of General, Organic, and Biochemistry Dr. Fabiola Janiak-Spens fspens@occc.edu Website: Office: 1D6A Office Hours:](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061618/56649d6d5503460f94a4dbfb/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Length
9
Metric and SI unit: meter (m)1 m = cm 100 1 m = yd1.09
Measured using meterstick, yardstick.
![Page 10: CHEM 1123 Survey of General, Organic, and Biochemistry Dr. Fabiola Janiak-Spens fspens@occc.edu Website: Office: 1D6A Office Hours:](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061618/56649d6d5503460f94a4dbfb/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Volume
10
Metric unit: liter (L), SI unit: cubic meter (m3)1 L = qt1.06 1 L = mL1000
In Lab: measure volumes using graduated cylinders.
![Page 11: CHEM 1123 Survey of General, Organic, and Biochemistry Dr. Fabiola Janiak-Spens fspens@occc.edu Website: Office: 1D6A Office Hours:](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061618/56649d6d5503460f94a4dbfb/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Mass
11
Metric unit: gram (g), SI unit: kilogram (kg)
1 kg = g1000 454 g = lb1
Weight = measure of gravitational pull on an object.
Mass = measure of quantity of material contained in an object
Thus: measure mass not weight!
![Page 12: CHEM 1123 Survey of General, Organic, and Biochemistry Dr. Fabiola Janiak-Spens fspens@occc.edu Website: Office: 1D6A Office Hours:](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061618/56649d6d5503460f94a4dbfb/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The Standard Kilogram
12
The standard kilogram is housed at the International Bureau of Weights and Standards near Paris. NIST (= National Institute of Standards and Technology) maintains an official copy.
![Page 13: CHEM 1123 Survey of General, Organic, and Biochemistry Dr. Fabiola Janiak-Spens fspens@occc.edu Website: Office: 1D6A Office Hours:](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061618/56649d6d5503460f94a4dbfb/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Temperature
13
Metric unit: Celsius (°C), SI unit: Kelvin (K)
Water freezes at °C and boils at °C. 0 100
0 °C = °F32
![Page 14: CHEM 1123 Survey of General, Organic, and Biochemistry Dr. Fabiola Janiak-Spens fspens@occc.edu Website: Office: 1D6A Office Hours:](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061618/56649d6d5503460f94a4dbfb/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Time
14
Metric and SI unit: second (s)
The NIST F-1 atomic clock is accurate to within one second every thirty million years.
![Page 15: CHEM 1123 Survey of General, Organic, and Biochemistry Dr. Fabiola Janiak-Spens fspens@occc.edu Website: Office: 1D6A Office Hours:](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061618/56649d6d5503460f94a4dbfb/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Check SI Units
15
Identify the measurement that has an SI unit. A. John’s height is
1) 1.5 yd. 2) 6 ft. 3) 2.1 m.
B. The race was won in1) 19.6 s. 2) 14.2 min. 3) 3.5 hr.
C. The mass of a lemon is1) 12 oz. 2) 0.145 kg. 3) 0.6 lb.
D. The temperature is1) 85C. 2) 255 K. 3) 45F.
![Page 16: CHEM 1123 Survey of General, Organic, and Biochemistry Dr. Fabiola Janiak-Spens fspens@occc.edu Website: Office: 1D6A Office Hours:](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061618/56649d6d5503460f94a4dbfb/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Scientific Notation
16
Used to write very large or very small numbers.
= 1x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 hairs= 100,000 hairs
= 8 x x x x x x 110
110
110
110
110
110
= 0.000 008 m
![Page 17: CHEM 1123 Survey of General, Organic, and Biochemistry Dr. Fabiola Janiak-Spens fspens@occc.edu Website: Office: 1D6A Office Hours:](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061618/56649d6d5503460f94a4dbfb/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Scientific notation numbers
17
2400 m = 2.4 x 103 m
Coefficient
= 1 9,Never 0 or ≥ 10
Power of 10
![Page 18: CHEM 1123 Survey of General, Organic, and Biochemistry Dr. Fabiola Janiak-Spens fspens@occc.edu Website: Office: 1D6A Office Hours:](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061618/56649d6d5503460f94a4dbfb/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Scientific Notation: Large numbers
18
For any number greater than 1: power of 10 is positive.
2400 m
Each place moved counts as one 10, have moved 3 times.
![Page 19: CHEM 1123 Survey of General, Organic, and Biochemistry Dr. Fabiola Janiak-Spens fspens@occc.edu Website: Office: 1D6A Office Hours:](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061618/56649d6d5503460f94a4dbfb/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
Scientific Notation: small numbers
For any number smaller than 1: power of 10 is negative.
0.00086 g
Each place moved counts as one 10, have moved 4 times.
![Page 20: CHEM 1123 Survey of General, Organic, and Biochemistry Dr. Fabiola Janiak-Spens fspens@occc.edu Website: Office: 1D6A Office Hours:](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061618/56649d6d5503460f94a4dbfb/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Scientific Notation
20
![Page 21: CHEM 1123 Survey of General, Organic, and Biochemistry Dr. Fabiola Janiak-Spens fspens@occc.edu Website: Office: 1D6A Office Hours:](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061618/56649d6d5503460f94a4dbfb/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Scientific Notation
21
![Page 22: CHEM 1123 Survey of General, Organic, and Biochemistry Dr. Fabiola Janiak-Spens fspens@occc.edu Website: Office: 1D6A Office Hours:](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061618/56649d6d5503460f94a4dbfb/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Check
22
Select the correct scientific notation for each.
A. 0.000 0081) 8 x 106 2) 8 x 10-6 3) 0.8 x 10-5
B. 72 0001) 7.2 x 104 2) 72 x 103 3) 7.2 x 10-4
![Page 23: CHEM 1123 Survey of General, Organic, and Biochemistry Dr. Fabiola Janiak-Spens fspens@occc.edu Website: Office: 1D6A Office Hours:](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061618/56649d6d5503460f94a4dbfb/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Check
23
Write each as a standard number.
A. 2.0 x 10-2
1) 200 2) 0.0020 3) 0.020
B. 1.8 x 105 1) 180 000 2) 0.000 018 3) 18 000
![Page 24: CHEM 1123 Survey of General, Organic, and Biochemistry Dr. Fabiola Janiak-Spens fspens@occc.edu Website: Office: 1D6A Office Hours:](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061618/56649d6d5503460f94a4dbfb/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Check
24
Is this a number in scientific notation?
1.55.0 x 103 m
2.145.0 x 10-5 g
= 55000 m = 5.5 x 104 m
= 0.00145 g = 1.45 x 10-3 g
![Page 25: CHEM 1123 Survey of General, Organic, and Biochemistry Dr. Fabiola Janiak-Spens fspens@occc.edu Website: Office: 1D6A Office Hours:](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061618/56649d6d5503460f94a4dbfb/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Measured Numbers
25
Obtained using a measuring tool.
![Page 26: CHEM 1123 Survey of General, Organic, and Biochemistry Dr. Fabiola Janiak-Spens fspens@occc.edu Website: Office: 1D6A Office Hours:](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061618/56649d6d5503460f94a4dbfb/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Measured Numbers and Significant Figures
26
4.5 cm
4.55 cm
![Page 27: CHEM 1123 Survey of General, Organic, and Biochemistry Dr. Fabiola Janiak-Spens fspens@occc.edu Website: Office: 1D6A Office Hours:](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061618/56649d6d5503460f94a4dbfb/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
Measured Numbers and Significant Figures
3 cm or 3.0 cm
Measured numbers consist of:Certain digit(s) and one estimated digit
![Page 28: CHEM 1123 Survey of General, Organic, and Biochemistry Dr. Fabiola Janiak-Spens fspens@occc.edu Website: Office: 1D6A Office Hours:](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061618/56649d6d5503460f94a4dbfb/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Measured Numbers and Significant Figures
28
4.5 cm
4.55 cm
Certain digits vs estimated digits
![Page 29: CHEM 1123 Survey of General, Organic, and Biochemistry Dr. Fabiola Janiak-Spens fspens@occc.edu Website: Office: 1D6A Office Hours:](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061618/56649d6d5503460f94a4dbfb/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Significant Figures (SF) in measured numbers
29
Count number of digits that are certain plus the one estimated one
= number of SF of the measured number
38.15 cm
5.6 ft
65.5 g
122.55 m
Measurement # of SF4
2
3
5
![Page 30: CHEM 1123 Survey of General, Organic, and Biochemistry Dr. Fabiola Janiak-Spens fspens@occc.edu Website: Office: 1D6A Office Hours:](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061618/56649d6d5503460f94a4dbfb/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Significant Figures (SF) in measured numbers
30
Zeros are tricky, have rules!
56000 g
77089 g
0.000568 m
0.000507m
0.06700 g
Trailing zeros, no decimal point, zeros don’t count.
Sandwiched zero, does count.
Leading zeros, decimal point, zeros don’t count.
Leading zeros, decimal point, zeros don’t count.Sandwiched zero, does count.
Leading zeros, decimal point, zeros don’t count.
Trailing zeros, decimal point, zeros count.
2 SF
5 SF
3 SF
3 SF
4 SF
![Page 31: CHEM 1123 Survey of General, Organic, and Biochemistry Dr. Fabiola Janiak-Spens fspens@occc.edu Website: Office: 1D6A Office Hours:](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061618/56649d6d5503460f94a4dbfb/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
![Page 32: CHEM 1123 Survey of General, Organic, and Biochemistry Dr. Fabiola Janiak-Spens fspens@occc.edu Website: Office: 1D6A Office Hours:](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061618/56649d6d5503460f94a4dbfb/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Check
32
A. Which answer(s) contain 3 significant figures? 1) 0.4760 2) 0.00476 3) 4.76 x
103
B. All the zeros are significant in
1) 0.00307 2) 25.300 3) 2.050 x 103
C. The number of significant figures in 5.80 x 102 is 1) one 3) two 3) three
![Page 33: CHEM 1123 Survey of General, Organic, and Biochemistry Dr. Fabiola Janiak-Spens fspens@occc.edu Website: Office: 1D6A Office Hours:](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061618/56649d6d5503460f94a4dbfb/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Exact Numbers
33
Obtained by counting or by definition.No SF associated with exact numbers!
![Page 34: CHEM 1123 Survey of General, Organic, and Biochemistry Dr. Fabiola Janiak-Spens fspens@occc.edu Website: Office: 1D6A Office Hours:](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061618/56649d6d5503460f94a4dbfb/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Check
34
Classify each of the following as (1) exact or (2) measured numbers.
A. Gold melts at 1064°C.
(2) A measuring tool is required.
B. 1 yard = 3 feet
(1) This is a defined relationship.
C. The diameter of a red blood cell is 6 x 10-4 cm.
(2) A measuring tool is used to determine length.
D. There are 6 hats on the shelf.
(1) The number of hats is obtained by counting.