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Characteristics of Life and System Organization
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Biology
▪ is the study of life.
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
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(1) Order
(2) Reproduction
(3) Growth and development
(4) Energy processing
(7) Evolutionary adaptation
(6) Regulation
(5) Response to the environment
Characteristics of Life
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Order—the highly ordered structure that typifies life.
Order
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Reproduction—the ability of organisms to reproduce their own kind.
Reproduction
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Growth and development—consistent growth and development controlled by inherited DNA.
Growth and development
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Energy processing— the use of chemical energy to power an organism’s activities and chemical reactions.
Energy processing
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Response to the environment—an ability to respond to environmental stimuli.
Response to the environment
Venus flytrap video
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Regulation—an ability to control an organism’s internal environment within limits that sustain life.
Regulation
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Evolutionary adaptation
Evolutionary adaptation—adaptations evolve over many generations as individuals with traits best suited to their environments have greater reproductive success and pass their traits to offspring.
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Life’s hierarchy of organization
▪ Biological organization unfolds as follows:– Biosphere—all of the environments on Earth that
support life.
– Ecosystem—all the organisms living in a particular area and the physical components with which the organisms interact.
– Community—the entire array of organisms living in a particular ecosystem.
– Population—all the individuals of a species living in a specific area.
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Life’s hierarchy of organization
– Organism—an individual living thing,
– Organ system—several organs that cooperate in a specific function,
– Organ—a structure that is composed of tissues and that provides a specific function for the organism,
– Tissues—a group of similar cells that perform a specific function,
– Cells—the fundamental unit of life,
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Life’s hierarchy of organization
– Organelle—a membrane-bound structure that performs a specific function in a cell.
– Molecule—a cluster of small chemical units called atoms held together by chemical bonds.
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Biosphere
Madagascar
Ecosystem:
Forest inMadagasc
ar
Community:All
organisms in
the forest
Population:
Group of ring-tailed
lemurs
Organism:Ring-tailed
lemur
Organ system:Nervous system
Organ:
Brain
Tissue:
Nervous
tissue
Nerve
Spinal cordBrain
Organelle:
Nucleus
Cell:Nerve
cell
Nucleus Atom
Molecule:DNA
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Biosphere
Madagascar
Ecosystem:Forest in
Madagascar
Community:All organisms in
the forest
Population:Group of ring-tailed
lemurs
Organism:Ring-tailed
lemur
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Organism:Ring-tailed lemur
Organ
system:
Nervous
system
Organ:BrainTi
ssue:Nervous tissue
Nerve
Spinal cord
Brain
Organelle:Nucleus
Cell:Nerve cell
Nucleus
Atom
Molecule:DNA
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Put in Order Largest to Smallest • Organelles• Cells• Organism• Biosphere• Populations• Tissues• Molecule• Communities• Organ systems• Ecosystem• Organs
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Name the Level of Organization