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Characteristics include:
Scenes of daily leisurely activities
Loose brushstrokes
Pastel colors (with blues and violets replacing blacks and browns)
Lack of a structured composition (as compared to a triangular Renaissance layout)
Natural lighting
Impressionism
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The Impressionists
Edouard ManetFather of Impressionism – joined the group in 1873, but never stopped using black
Claude Monet‘Impression: Sunrise”, most committed Impressionist painter, repeatedly painted objects over and over to observe how light affects color
Pierre-Auguste RenoirRosy-cheeked people in social settings
Mary CassattAmerica-born, known for women & children in natural domestic settings, eventually influenced by Ukiyo-e Japanese prints
Edgar DegasDiagonal compositons, skilled at drawing, pastel, sculpture & painting, Teacher of Cassatt, Racehorses, Bathers & Ballerinas
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The Post-Impressionists
Post-Impressionism is a whole a term coined by the British artist and art critic Roger Fry in 1914, to describe the development of European art since Monet.
It’s roughly the period between 1886 and 1892 to describe the artistic movements based on or derived from Impressionism. The term is now taken to mean those artists who followed the Impressionists and to some extent rejected their ideas.
Generally, they considered Impressionism too casual or too naturalistic, and sought a means of exploring emotion in paint.
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The Post-ImpressionistsHenri de Toulouse-Lautrec
Disabled poster artist known as one of the first Graphic Designers
Paul CezanneLarge block-like brushstrokes; Still lifes, Landscapes
Vincent Van GoghDistrurbed painter of loose brushstrokes and bright, vivid colors
George SeuratFounder of Pointillism; Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande
Jatte
Paul GauguinRejected Urban Life and choose secondary-colored Tahitian women
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MODERNISMModernism allowed artists to assert their freedom to create in a new style and provide them with a mission to define the meaning of their times..
Early 20th Century Art was influenced by…• the beginning of the atomic age• existentialism (Nietzsche)- “God is Dead”• the invention of psychoanalysis • Freud-inner drives control human behavior • Jung-collective unconscious• The Russian Revolution• The Great War (humanity’s inhumanity)• The Great Global Depression• the rise of the “Avant Garde”
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Sum up the early 1900s with the three types:
THE EXPRESSIVE (color)
THE ABSTRACT (shape)
THE WEIRD (form & fantasy)
Fauvism
Die Brucke
Der Blaue Reiter
Cubism
Futurism
Art Deco
Dada
Surrealism
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ExpressionismThe use of uncharacteristic colors chosen by the artist… to release of the artist’s inner vision to evoke feelings from the viewer
Fauvism: Matisse
Die Brucke: Kollwitz and Kirschner
Der Blaue Reiter: Vassily Kandinsky
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Early 20th Century styles based on SHAPE and FORM:
Cubism: Picasso
Futurism: Umberto Boccioni
Art Deco: Willem Van Allen
to show the ‘concept’ of an object rather than creating a detail of the real thing
to show different views of an object at once, emphasizing time, space & the Machine age
to simplify objects to their most basic, primitive terms
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DADA: Duchamp
Started as a reaction to the horrors of WWI and Nihilism
Began independently in Zurich and NY
French for “hobbyhorse”, but the word itself had no meaning
Believed that reason and logic had been responsible for war
Only hope was anarchy, irrationality, and intuition
Pessimism and disgust of the artists helped them reject tradition-
Arp pioneered the use of chance in artwork- releassed him from the role of artist
For Dadaists, the idea of chance comes from the unconsciousness- influenced by Freud
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SURREALISM:Magritte, Dali, Miro, KleeMost Dada artists joined the Surrealist movement as well
Included many similar ideas -used Dada techniques to “release the unconscious”
Exploration of ways to express in art the world of dreams and the unconscious
Inspired by Freud and Jung - interested in the nature of dreams
In dreams, people moved beyond the constraints of society
Artists’ role: to bring inner and outer reality together
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Abstract Expressionism
The first truly American visual art form that helped put New York as a cultural
capital (perhaps even above Paris).
Drawing from Surrealism, they developed the NEW YORK SCHOOL,
which comprised action painting, Jazz, abstract expressionism and
improvisional theatre.
This period of art was special because it was the first to recognize art with NO
identifiable subject matter!
Jackson Pollock,No. 5, 1948, 1948.
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Two Main Categories for Abstract Expressionism:
Action Painting:Jackson Pollock
Willem de Kooning
Color-Field Painting:Mark Rothko
Post-Painterly Abstraction: Helen Frankenthaler
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Featuring the work of:
Jasper Johns
Robert Rauschenberg
ROY LICHTENSTEIN
ANDY WARHOL
CLAES OLDENBURG
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Abstract ExpressionismFocused on elements rather
than objects
Pop ArtFocused on
recognizable objects
Pop Art was originally a U.S. and British movement in the 1950s and 60s to react
against Abstract Expressionism
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Other Pop Art Influences
Fast Food restaurants in the 1950’s turned
sandwiches into a mass-produced item
Television and Commercials made
ordinary objects seem extraordinary!
…Pop Art thus creates the beginnings of POSTMODERNISM
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Jasper JohnsKnown for assemblage
(‘Junk’) Sculpture
Considered himself a ‘Neo-Dadaist’ more than a Pop
Artist
Jasper Johns, Target With Four
Faces, 1955.
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Jasper Johns, Flag, 1954-55. POP ART
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Jasper Johns, Detail of Flag, 1954-55. POP ART
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Jasper Johns, Painted Bronze, 1960. POP ART
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Jasper Johns, White Flag, 1955. POP ART
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Jasper Johns, Map, 1963. POP ART
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Robert RauschenbergNew little about art until he visited an art museum while his was serving in the Navy
during WWII.
Right after WWII he went to an art institute.
Robert Rauschenberg, Untitled, 1954.
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Robert Rauschenberg, Canyon, 1959.
Robert Rauschenberg, Monogram, 1955.
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Andy Warhol(1928-1987)
Commercial artist who became known for his
silkscreens of celebrities and everyday objects
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Andy Warhol,Campbell’s Soup
Can, 1967.
POP ART
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What's great about this country is that America started the tradition where
the richest consumers buy essentially the same things as the poorest. You
can be watching TV and see Coca Cola, and you know that the President
drinks Coca Cola, Liz Taylor drinks Coca Cola, and just think, you can
drink Coca Cola, too. A coke is a coke and no amount of money can get you a better coke than the one the bum on the corner is drinking. All the cokes are the same and all the cokes are
good. Liz Taylor knows it, the President knows it, the bum knows it,
and you know it.
The Philosophy of Andy Warhol: (From A to B and Back Again), 1975
Andy Warhol,
Pete Rose, 1985.
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Andy Warhol,
Pete Rose, 1985.
POP ART
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When you see something
gruesome over and over, it
tends to lose its effect.
Andy Warhol
Andy Warhol,
16 Jackies, 1964.
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Andy Warhol,Self Portrait,
1964.
POP ART
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Andy Warhol,Green Marilyn,
1962.
POP ART
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Andy Warhol,Mick Jagger,
1975.
POP ART
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Roy Lichtenstein(1923-1997)
Created art with a COMIC-BOOK style
Colors are basic, black-outlined
Skin colors created with BENDAY DOTS…
Just like theCOMIC BOOKS!
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Roy Lichtenstein, Temple of Apollo, 1964. POP ART
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Roy Lichtenstein, Bedroom at Arles, 1992. Screenprint. POP ART
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Roy Lichtenstein Vincent Van Gogh
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Roy Lichtenstein, Go For Baroque, 1969. POP ART
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Roy LichtensteinCubist Still Life with Playing Cards, 1974.
POP ART
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Roy Lichtenstein, House I, 1996. POP ART
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Roy Lichtenstein, BMW 320i, 1977. POP ART
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Roy Lichtenstein, Modern Room, 1991. POP ART
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Claes Oldenburg(1929-)
Known for creating large-scale versions of recognizable objects
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Claes OldenburgSoftlight Switches,
1963-69.
POP ART
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Claes Oldenburg, Giant Hamburger, 1962. POP ART
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Claes Oldenburg, Floor Cake, 1962. POP ART
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Claes Oldenburg,Clothespin, 1976.
POP ART
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Factors to consider:
Gravity
Elements
Environment
Audience
Physical Touch by People
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Claes Oldenburg, Spoonbridge and Cherry, 1985-1988. POP ART
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Claes Oldenburg,Corridor Pin, Blue, 1999.
POP ART
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Claes Oldenburg, Flying Pins, 2000. POP ART
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