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Instructions for use
Title Characteristics and Current Issues of Tropical Peatlands in Indonesia
Author(s) Sumawinata, Basuki
Citation International Symposium on "The Impact of Climate Change on Region Specific Systems". 6November 2009. Sapporo, Japan.
Issue Date 2009-11-06
Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/39899
Type conference presentation
File Information 05_Sumawinata.pdf
Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP
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Characteristics and Current Issues of Tropical Peatlands in Indonesia
Basuki Sumawinata
Presented in Graduate school of Environmental Earth science Hokkaido Univ. , Hokkaido, Japan. Nov 2009
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Coastal peatland distribution in Indonesia
Presented in Graduate school of Environmental Earth science Hokkaido Univ. , Hokkaido, Japan. Nov 2009
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Peatlands in Indonesia
• Total peatlands about 18-20 million ha, about 10% from total Indonesian land. The peatlands naturally are covered by peat swamp forest
• About 5-6 million ha have been converted for agric purposes such as: Rice fields, coconut, rubber, oilpalm plantation and forest plantation
• More than 3.5 million ha become mal-developed land
Presented in Graduate school of Environmental Earth science Hokkaido Univ. , Hokkaido, Japan. Nov 2009
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Why utilization of peatlands face a lot problems ?
Geomorphology of peatlands are not well examined when drainage system are designed
Characterization of peat mainly follow methods for characterization of temperate peat and mineral soils
During evaluation of peat characteristics sometimes are not considered that peat can not be separated with its environments such as depth of watertable, peat porosity, former vegetation as source of peat, etc.
Presented in Graduate school of Environmental Earth science Hokkaido Univ. , Hokkaido, Japan. Nov 2009
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Why utilization of peatlands face a lot problems ?
Peatlands
Traditional, small scale
Controlled watertable
Utilization Gov. land reclamation, large scale
Improper concept and design of peatlands reclamation
Peat fire, dissappearing of peat, Poor farmers, destruction of PSF, Carbon emission etc
Private companies, oilpalm, rubber, and forest plantation
Peat subsidence, carbon emission
Presented in Graduate school of Environmental Earth science Hokkaido Univ. , Hokkaido, Japan. Nov 2009
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peatlands geomorphology and landuse
Presented in Graduate school of Environmental Earth science Hokkaido Univ. , Hokkaido, Japan. Nov 2009
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Presented in Graduate school of Environmental Earth science Hokkaido Univ. , Hokkaido, Japan. Nov 2009
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102°00'00" BT
01°25'00" LU 102°15'00" BT
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KETERANGAN:
DEPARTEMEN ENERGI DAN SUMBERDAYA MINERALDIREKTORAT JENDERAL GEOLOGI DAN SUMBERDAYA MINERAL
DIREKTORAT INVENTARISASI SUMBER DAYA MINERALKODE PROYEK : 07.1.01440222.20.06.002.T.A.2004
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200
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Diperiksa
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Peta Top Lembar
Ka.Sub.Dit. Batubara
DR.Ir. Hadiyanto, MSc
Ir. Bambang Pardiarto
Pemimpin Proyek
Ir. J. A. Eko Tjahjono DESS
Wawang, S. P
PETA 2
PETA ISOPACH GAMBUT DAERAH UJI PETIK DI P. BENGKALIS BARAT
KABUPATEN BENGKALIS PROVINSI RIAU
0917 - 41 SELAT BARU
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Peatlands geomorphology
Pusat Sumberdaya geologi Presentation, jakarta 2007
Dome shape peatlands
Presented in Graduate school of Environmental Earth science Hokkaido Univ. , Hokkaido, Japan. Nov 2009
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Peatlands geomorphology
A EB C D
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DEPARTEMEN ENERGI DAN SUMBERDAYA MINERALDIREKTORAT JENDERAL GEOLOGI DAN SUMBERDAYA MINERAL
DIREKTORAT INVENTARISASI SUMBER DAYA MINERALKODE PROYEK : 07.1.01440222.20.06.002.T.A.2004
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Disusun
Agu
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Diperiksa
Lampiran
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Ka.Sub.Dit. Batubara
DR.Ir. Hadiyanto, MSc
Ir. Bambang Pardiarto
Pemimpin Proyek
Ir. J. A. Eko Tjahjono DESS
Wawang, S. P
PETA 1
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PETA ISOPACH GAMBUT DAERAH UJI PETIK DI SIAK SRIINDRAPURA
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Pusat Sumberdaya geologi Presentation, jakarta 2007
Dome shape peatlands
Presented in Graduate school of Environmental Earth science Hokkaido Univ. , Hokkaido, Japan. Nov 2009
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Site location
Presented in Graduate school of Environmental Earth science Hokkaido Univ. , Hokkaido, Japan. Nov 2009
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Presented in Graduate school of Environmental Earth science Hokkaido Univ. , Hokkaido, Japan. Nov 2009
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Transect 1
Peat surface
Presented in Graduate school of Environmental Earth science Hokkaido Univ. , Hokkaido, Japan. Nov 2009
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-2
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S. PanjangTransect 2
Peat surface
Presented in Graduate school of Environmental Earth science Hokkaido Univ. , Hokkaido, Japan. Nov 2009
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Formation of rivers and lakes
Older sedimentyounger sediment
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Peat s characteristics ( 0- 10m)Low bulk density in deeper part: < 0.03 g.cc
Presented in Graduate school of Environmental Earth science Hokkaido Univ. , Hokkaido, Japan. Nov 2009
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Vegetation in peat dome areas in kampar peninsula area, Riau
Presented in Graduate school of Environmental Earth science Hokkaido Univ. , Hokkaido, Japan. Nov 2009
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Peat characteristis
Vegetatio n
Hyrological regimeGeomorphology of receiving basin
succession
Geomorphology of natural peatlands
Peat on deeper layers are not developed same condition with present environments
Peat and water chemistry
Presented in Graduate school of Environmental Earth science Hokkaido Univ. , Hokkaido, Japan. Nov 2009
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Vegetation in peat dome areas in kampar peninsula area, Riau
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1987 1997
Rantau Rasau Jambi
Tepian parit di Proyek Sejuta hektar lahan gambut, Kalteng (2002)
Peatlands for paddy fields
Presented in Graduate school of Environmental Earth science Hokkaido Univ. , Hokkaido, Japan. Nov 2009
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Methodological Problems on peat characterization
Methodology for taking undisturbed peat samples
Methodology for lab. examination
100 cm2 diameter core sampler
Big sampler result more smaller bulk density
27000 cm2 diameter box sampler
• Sieve with 2mm or not sieve•Volume fiber•Fosfor determination
Presented in Graduate school of Environmental Earth science Hokkaido Univ. , Hokkaido, Japan. Nov 2009
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Presented in Graduate school of Environmental Earth science Hokkaido Univ. , Hokkaido, Japan. Nov 2009
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Peat and landuse
Presented in Graduate school of Environmental Earth science Hokkaido Univ. , Hokkaido, Japan. Nov 2009
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Presented in Graduate school of Environmental Earth science Hokkaido Univ. , Hokkaido, Japan. Nov 2009
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Canal floor
Surface water Elevation
Water control
River
Land Elevation
WATER MANAGEMENT IN PEATLAND
Dike
Canal floor
Water control
River
Land Elevation
WATER MANAGEMENT IN PEATLAND
Dike
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3. Forest plantation and oil palm plantation
Presented in Graduate school of Environmental Earth science Hokkaido Univ. , Hokkaido, Japan. Nov 2009
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Forest plantation in peat soils : 1-1.5 million ha
Depth of water table are design 80-100 cm below peat surface
Presented in Graduate school of Environmental Earth science Hokkaido Univ. , Hokkaido, Japan. Nov 2009
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Source slide: PPKS, 2007. Pengelolaan perkebunan kelapa sawit di lahan gambut,
Depth of water table are designed 100-120 cm below peat surface
Oil palm in peat soils: 300.000-400.000 ha
Presented in Graduate school of Environmental Earth science Hokkaido Univ. , Hokkaido, Japan. Nov 2009
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Source slide: PPKS, 2007. Pengelolaan perkebunan kelapa sawit di lahan gambut J k t
Compaction of plant hole
Presented in Graduate school of Environmental Earth science Hokkaido Univ. , Hokkaido, Japan. Nov 2009
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Un-success Acacia crassicarpa plants in hydrophobic peat, planted after peat fire
Presented in Graduate school of Environmental Earth science Hokkaido Univ. , Hokkaido, Japan. Nov 2009
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40.000 Ha 10.000 Ha
+ 22.00+ 24.00
+ 28.00
Water Deficit 335 mm/yr
3 m
Soil water Supply 337 mm/yr
mineral
RESERVOIR AND CULTIVATED AREA
Presented in Graduate school of Environmental Earth science Hokkaido Univ. , Hokkaido, Japan. Nov 2009
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Sagu (Metroxylon sagu)
Sagu : shallow drainage system (20 cm)Starch production : 10-30 ton starch/ ha/ year (after 6-8 years)Naturally sago grow in shallow peat, but by addition fertilizer sago can produce good results in deep peat
Presented in Graduate school of Environmental Earth science Hokkaido Univ. , Hokkaido, Japan. Nov 2009
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Current issue on Peatlands : Conserve or Utilize
Main target: Balance among environment, sustainability, and People prosperity
CHG emission
Deforestation
Prosperity Forest plantation Oil palm
Ex mega rice project
Blocking canal
Good water management Peat subsidence
landuse planning Good Prospect business
Presented in Graduate school of Environmental Earth science Hokkaido Univ. , Hokkaido, Japan. Nov 2009
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Methodology of peat characterization play an important role of the success and failure of peat land reclamation.
Characterization of peat should consider the relation among peat substrate, peat water, and water regime and peat and water chemistry
Wise use of peat land for plantation (palm oil or forest) is not taboo, as long as good managements are practiced
Water management in peat land management play great role to support the success of the peat land utilization
Sago (Metroxylon sagu) which can grow under swamp condition and produce a lot of starch, should be studied more detail to meet the need of environmental friendly vegetation, and have possibility to alleviate poverty
Conclusion
Presented in Graduate school of Environmental Earth science Hokkaido Univ. , Hokkaido, Japan. Nov 2009
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Central Kalimantan
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South Sumatera
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Berbak Delta, Jambi
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Location