CHAPTER 9THE CONFEDERATION AND THE CONSTITUTIONAP AMERICAN HISTORYMr. Taylor
PURSUIT OF EQUALITY
Equality was everywhere after the Revolution 80,000 loyalists had fled the colonies. (upper crust) Most states reduced property requirements for
voting Titles were thrown out Trade organizations were developed- (workers) Primogeniture laws were thrown out Religious freedom and separation were developed- 1st anti-slavery societies Quakers
Southern States maintained slavery- Special laws (pg 159 )
Republican motherhood and civic virtue- (pg. 159)
CONSTITUTION MAKING IN THE STATES 1776- Continental Congress called on
the colonies to draft individual STATE constitutions.
Contracts that defined the powers of government, drew authority of the people. Fundamental laws- could not be taken
away Most included states BILL OF RIGHTS Annual elections for legislators Weak judicial and executive branches Legislatures were given sweeping powers State capitals moved to the interior
PURSUIT OF EQUALITY
Economic Crosscurrents States seized royal and
loyalist lands. The land was eventually cut up into small farms and sold
Nonimportation agreements continued
War stimulated manufacturing in the colonies
America now had free trade with foreign nations
Page 161
Creating a Confederation
Shaky Start Toward Union
Prospects for erecting a lasting government were far from bright: Had to set-up a whole
new government. A new type of
government Many Americans were
preaching “natural rights”
Most Americans looked suspiciously at authority
Lack of unity with the British now defeated
Hopeful signs could be seen A rich political inheritance
of self-rule 13 states had similar gov. Strong Political leaders
Creating a Confederation 1781- 13 states ratified
the Articles of Confederation
Western Land Claims Pages 163-64
ASSIGN PARTNER ASSIGNMENT- The Articles of Confederation: The Challenge of Sovereignty
ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION NO EXECUTIVE BRANCH ONLY STATE COURTS CLUMSY CONGRESS CONGRESS- EACH STATE HAD ONE
VOTE ALL NEW LAWS NEEDED 9 VOTES ANY AMENDMENT NEEDED 13 VOTES NO POWER TO REGULATE COMMERCE NO POWER TO TAX STATES WERE SOVERIGN OVER THE
NATIONAL GOVERNMENT
Landmarks In Land Laws
Land Ordinance of 1785
Northwest Ordinance of 1787 How to become a
state
The Worlds Ugly Duckling Foreign Relations remained troublesome
Britain refused to make a commercial treaty with the U.S.
Britain tried to annex Vermont. Britain continued to hold a chain of forts and
trading posts on U.S. soil Spain closed New Orleans to American
commerce Spain claimed some land north of Florida France demanded payments of debt Barbary Pirates in North Africa and American
trade
HORRID SPECTER OF ANARCHY
Some states were refusing to pay any taxes.
States were quarreling over Boundries Tariffs Embargos Etc.
Shays Rebellion Page 167
A CONVENTION OF “DEMIGODS” 1787- Convention was called “for the
express purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation”
55 delegates from 12 states – Philadelphia Sessions were held in secret (pg 169) Most were lawyers and had written state
constitutions Washington was elected chairman James Madison- Father of the Constitution Alexander Hamilton Read “Patriots in Philadelphia”
A BUNDLE OF COMPROMISES170-172
Virginia Plan vs New Jersey Plan Compromise of the electoral college Compromise over the counting of slaves Compromise over the slave trade.
1. Explain the issue*2. Explain the conflict*3. Explain the Compromise*4. List the areas that the delegates agreed
upon
SAFEGUARDS FOR CONSERVATISM Areas of
agreement: Sound money Protection of Private
Property Strong Central
Government 3 Branches of gov. System of checks
and balances Manhood sufferage
democracy was something to be feared.
ERECTED SAFEGUARDS AGAINST THE DEMOCRATIC MOB Federal judges were
appointed for life President was
indirectly elected Senators were
chosen, not elected House of Rep. was
the only part of the federal government elected by a direct vote of the people.
Read page 172
Federalist vs Antifederalist
ANTI-FEDERALISTS Samuel Adams, Patrick
Henry, Richard Henry Lee Poorest classes- Plot of
the upper crust to steal the power of the common man
Feared a strong central govt.
Constitution was anti-democratic
Sovereignty of the states was being destroyed
No Bill of Right, Individual rights would be trampled
Ratification would only take two-thirds of the states
FEDERALISTS George Washington and
Benjamin Franklin Lived in settled areas
along the eastern seaboard
Wealthy, educated and better organized
They controlled the press Supported the
Constitution and a strong central govt.
Did not have faith in the common man
John Jay, Alexnader Hamilton and James Madison and the Federalist Papers.
Quakers Slavery Equality State Const.- Annual
elections Western Land Claims Powers of the
Articles of Confederation
Shays Rebellion Constitutional
Convention-Goal
James Madison Great Compromise Electoral College- House-elected
directly Antifederalist
greatest fear
Foreign Policy Proclamation of Neutrality-
1793 (199) Citizen Genet-1793 (199) Washington’s Farewell
Address- 1796 (200) XYZ Affair-1797 (203) Louisiana Purchase- 1803
(221) Chesapeake Affair- 1807
(226) Embargo Act- 1807 (226) Madison’s War Message-
1812 (231) Hartford Convention- 1814-
15 (237) Treaty of Ghent- 1814 (236)
Domestic Affairs Funding the debt- (193) Bank of the U.S.- Hamilton
and Jefferson- (195) Whiskey Excise Tax- (194) Tariffs- (194) Political Parties- (196) Sedition Act- (205) Panic of 1819- (243) Missouri Compromise- (247) Tariff of Abominations- (262-
263) Trail of Tears- (265) Texas Revolution- (275-280)
Chapter 17 Questionspages 375-376, 382-387 Could the United States have accepted
a permanently independent Texas? Why or why not?
What were the causes and consequences of the Mexican War?
Congressman Abraham Lincoln opposed the Mexican War as an unjust war of aggression against America’s neighbor. What arguments would support that view? What arguments might challenge that view?
How did the Texas issue affect the 1844 presidential campaign?