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Chapter 5/Section 3Alexander the Great
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I. Macedonia Attacks Greece (pgs. 175 – 176)A Plan to Win Greece
• Macedonia lay north of Greece and by 400 B.C. had become a powerful kingdom.
• In 359 B.C., Philip II rose to the throne of Macedonia.
• Philip II lived in Greece as a boy and admired everything about the Greeks.
• Philip even hired Greek philosopher Aristotle to tutor his son, Alexander.
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• Philip wanted to defeat the Persian Empire and knew he needed to unite the Greek city-states with his own kingdom.
• He trained his army to fight like the Greeks.
• He conquered many Greek city-states, others surrendered, and others joined Philip voluntarily.
• In 338 B.C., the Macedonians crushed the Greek allies at the Battle of Chaeronea (kehr*uh*nee*uh).
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II. Alexander Builds an Empire (176 – 179)• Before Philip could conquer the Persian Empire, he was murdered.
• His son, Alexander, became king of Macedonia at age 20.
• In 334 B.C., Alexander invaded Asia Minor, and by 332 B.C., he captured Syria and Egypt.
• In Egypt, he built the city of Alexandria, which became one of the most important cities in the ancient world.
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Alexander’s Conquests• In 331 B.C., Alexander headed east and defeated the Persians at
Gaugamela, near Babylon.
• After this victory, Alexander easily overran the rest of the Persian Empire.
• Over the next three years, Alexander marched east as far as Pakistan.
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• In 326 B.C., Alexander crossed the Indus River into India where he fought a number of bloody battles.
• Weary of continuous war, his soldiers refused to go any further and Alexander agreed to lead them home.
• In 323 B.C., Alexander returned to Babylon and planned to invade southern Arabia.
• Tired and weak from wounds, Alexander died of fever at the age of 32.
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Alexander’s Legacy• A legacy is what a person leaves behind when he or she dies.
• Alexander was a superb military leader who helped extend Macedonian/Greek rule and culture over a vast area.
• Alexander’s conquests marked the beginning of the Hellenistic Era.
• The word Hellenistic comes from a Greek word meaning, “like the Greeks”, and refers to a time when Greek language and culture spread to the non-Greek people of southwest Asia.
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The Empire Breaks Apart• Alexander had planned to unite Macedonians, Greeks, and Persians in his
new empire.
• After his death, however, his generals fought one another for power.
• As a result, the empire fell apart and four kingdoms took its place:• 1) Macedonia• 2) Pergamum (puhr*guh*muhm)• 3) Egypt• 4) Seleucid Empire (suh*loo*suhd)
• Greeks stayed in control by conducting business in the Greek language and only those Asians and Egyptians who spoke Greek http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=_VQ_db-6cQ0