Chapter 5 Preserving Aquatic Biodiversity
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Marine biodiversity
• Marine biodiversity is higher in coral reefs and estuaries because of more habitats and nutrients.
• 3.5 billion people depend on the sea for their primary source of food.
• food antibiotics coral is used to reconstruct bones
• Anticancer drugs
Invasive Water Hyacinths
Great Pacific Trash Vortex
In Wisconsin an invasive is a common carp
Case Study: Industrial Fish Harvesting Methods
• Trawler fishing-catch fish that live near the ocean floor such as shrimp, cod and flounder
• disturbs the ocean floor• Purse-seine fishing - huge net to catch tuna may also snare
dolphins
• Longlining- some of these lines may be as long as 80 miles--- ----may catch unwanted (BY CATCH) fish and endangered species
• Drift-net fishing_(gill net)--- catches the fish by the gills may catch unwanted fish and also result in overfishing of an area
Fig. 11-7, p. 256
Fish farming in cage Spotter airplane
Trawler fishing
Sonar Purse-seine fishing
Long line fishing
lines with hooks
Deep sea aquaculture cage
Drift-net fishing
Float Buoy
Fish caught by gills Stepped Art
Natural Capital Degradation: Area of Ocean Bottom Before and After a Trawler
Hawaiian Monk Seal Plastics tend to tangle and snarl wildlife
An Endangered Leatherback Turtle is Entangled in a Fishing Net
Bycatch- usually smaller fish that are caught as a consequence of catching larger fish
Legal Protection of Some Endangered and Threatened Marine Species
• Why is it hard to protect marine biodiversity? – Human ecological footprint and fishprint are
expanding– Much of the damage in the ocean is not visible– The oceans are incorrectly viewed as an
inexhaustible resource– Most of the ocean lies outside the legal
jurisdiction of any country
EVERGLADES
• River of Grass”: south Florida, U.S.
• Since 1948: damaged– Drained – Diverted– Paved over– Nutrient pollution from agriculture– Invasive plant species
• 1947: Everglades National Park unsuccessful protection project
Natural Capital Restoration: Wetland Restoration in Canada
Ecological Services of Wetlands
• Absorb large amounts of water runoff preventing flooding. Coastal wetlands can buffer against ocean storm surges.
• Wetlands can decompose vegetation and thus return nutrients to the ecosystem.
• Wetlands are teaming with life.
The process of sewage treatment and wetland water purification have commonalities
Sewage sludge
Fig. 8-10, p. 170
Ocean Beach Primary Dune
Trough Secondary Dune
Back Dune Bay or Lagoon
Recreation, no building
Walkways, no building
Limited recreation and
walkways
Walkways, no building
Most suitable for development
Recreation
Grasses or shrubsBay shore
Taller shrubsTaller shrubs and trees
Walk way over primary dune A seawall to reduce erosion
FUN REVIEW
• 1. Plant matter is phyto_____________?• 2. __________ Carson wrote “Silent Spring”• 3. Wrote the “Jungle” which exposed
conditions in the US meat packing industry.• 4. First “big” environmental president.
PLACES
• 5. 1986 Nuclear accident city• 6. _____________ aquifer in the United States mid
west.• 7. Volcanic eruption in the state of Washington in
1980.• 8. _______ mile island• 9. A river in the western United States that is having
very reduced flow. Hint: it bears a states name.10. City in the country of India of 1984 methyl isocyanate release___________
LegalWrite out the FULL name of these legal
abbreviations
• 11. CITES• 12. MMPA of 1972• 13. U.S. ESA of 1973• 14. SMCRA
Speeding up recovery of damaged ecosystems
• 15 Artificial ecosystems may include sinking old tires or creating a __________ to reduce flooding and provide habitat for aquatic organisms.
• 16. Habitat _________________ is trying to return a particular degraded habitat to a condition close to its natural state.
Names for groups of mammalsThese are not in the book.
• 17. baboons• 18. oxen• 19. rhinoceri• 20. moose• 21. elks• 22. lions• 23. camels