Download - Chapter 5 Air and Water Resources
Chapter 5Chapter 5Air and Water ResourcesAir and Water Resources
Section 1Section 1
Air PollutionAir Pollution
Notes 5-1Notes 5-1
What’s in the Air?What’s in the Air? Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide,
Water Vapor, and other gasesWater Vapor, and other gases All living things depend on these gasesAll living things depend on these gases
Air Pollution: any change to the Air Pollution: any change to the atmosphere that has harmful effectsatmosphere that has harmful effects Pollutants: cause pollutionPollutants: cause pollution
Particles of solids (asbestos) and gases Particles of solids (asbestos) and gases (chlorine fumes)(chlorine fumes)
Emissions: particles and gases released Emissions: particles and gases released into the atmosphereinto the atmosphere
Vehicles, air planes, anything motorized, Vehicles, air planes, anything motorized, volcanoesvolcanoes
SmogSmog Photochemical smog: Photochemical smog:
Thick, brownish haze formed when Thick, brownish haze formed when gases in the air react with sunlightgases in the air react with sunlight
Caused by gases emitted by Caused by gases emitted by automobiles and trucksautomobiles and trucks
Gases formed when gasoline is not Gases formed when gasoline is not completely burnedcompletely burned
HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons: compounds containing : compounds containing hydrogen and carbonhydrogen and carbon
Nitrogen oxidesNitrogen oxides: contain nitrogen and : contain nitrogen and oxygenoxygen
React with sunlight and form ozoneReact with sunlight and form ozone ToxicToxic Major chemical in smogMajor chemical in smog
Clear Day
In Houston
Smog Day
In Houston
Temperature InversionTemperature Inversion
Layer of cold air trapped next to the Layer of cold air trapped next to the surface by warm airsurface by warm air Polluted air is trapped with the cold airPolluted air is trapped with the cold air
Normally warm air is closest to the Normally warm air is closest to the surface and it gets colder as the surface and it gets colder as the distance increasesdistance increases
Pollutants are then allowed to escape Pollutants are then allowed to escape with the rising warm airwith the rising warm air
Temperature InversionTemperature Inversion
Effects of SmogEffects of Smog
Itchy, watery eyesItchy, watery eyes Scratchy throatScratchy throat Lung problemsLung problems Harm bodies defense against diseaseHarm bodies defense against disease During a smog alertDuring a smog alert
Asthma patients should stay indoorsAsthma patients should stay indoors No outside activities for anyone.No outside activities for anyone.
Acid RainAcid Rain
Precipitation that is more acidic than Precipitation that is more acidic than normalnormal When coal and oil are burned, they When coal and oil are burned, they
produce nitrogen oxides and sulfur produce nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides.oxides.
These form nitric acid and sulfuric acid These form nitric acid and sulfuric acid when mixed with water vaporwhen mixed with water vapor
Can also be snow, sleet, or fogCan also be snow, sleet, or fog
Acid RainAcid Rain
Changes the pH of lakes or pondsChanges the pH of lakes or ponds Causes survival rate of fish and turtles Causes survival rate of fish and turtles
to declineto decline Affects plants alsoAffects plants also
Changes the nutrient level in the soilChanges the nutrient level in the soil Affects certain types of stoneAffects certain types of stone
Limestone and marble are eaten awayLimestone and marble are eaten away Eats away paint and that causes metal Eats away paint and that causes metal
to rustto rust
http://staff.jccc.net/PDECELL/chemistry/phscale.html
Indoor Air PollutionIndoor Air Pollution
Air inside can be even worse than Air inside can be even worse than outsideoutside Dust, pet hair and air freshenersDust, pet hair and air fresheners Asbestos (building material used in old Asbestos (building material used in old
buildings) causes cancer and lung diseasebuildings) causes cancer and lung disease http://www.bcaa.net/resfaq401.htmhttp://www.bcaa.net/resfaq401.htm
Paints and cleaning supplies can give off Paints and cleaning supplies can give off toxic fumestoxic fumes
Smoke from cigarettes or cigarsSmoke from cigarettes or cigars
Indoor Air PollutionIndoor Air Pollution
Carbon Monoxide: (CO)Carbon Monoxide: (CO) Colorless, odorless gas that forms when Colorless, odorless gas that forms when
wood, coal, oil or gas is burnedwood, coal, oil or gas is burned Can build up in enclosed areasCan build up in enclosed areas Must use a carbon monoxide detector to Must use a carbon monoxide detector to
determine if the gas is presentdetermine if the gas is present
Indoor Air PollutionIndoor Air Pollution Radon: Radon:
Colorless, odorless gas that is Colorless, odorless gas that is radioactiveradioactive
Formed by certain rocks underground Formed by certain rocks underground and seeps into basements through and seeps into basements through crackscracks
May cause lung cancer or other health May cause lung cancer or other health problems if breathed in over many yearsproblems if breathed in over many years
Good ventilation will prevent the build Good ventilation will prevent the build up of this gasup of this gas
http://energy.cr.usgs.gov/radon/georadohttp://energy.cr.usgs.gov/radon/georadon/2.htmln/2.html