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Chapter 3:
Myth and the Origins of the Humanities
THE ART OF BEING HUMAN
9TH EDITION
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MYTHS AND MYTHOLOGYMyths –
Tales and beliefs transmitted from generation to generation containing psychological truths or fulfilling some deep-rooted need.
Mythology –
The collective myths of a specific culture or group of cultures.
Pearson Longman © 2009
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ARCHETYPES IN MYTHOLOGY
Archetypes are
mystic characters, events, symbols and buried
assumptions.
Pearson Longman © 2009
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COMMON ARCHETYPES The monomyth – the myth of the hero
David, by Donatello, 1425-1430 CE
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COMMON ARCHETYPES Continued
The power of magic The power of words The power of numbers
Ictinus and Callicrates, PARTHENON, Acropolis, Athens, ca 448-432 BC (view from the northwest)
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COMMON ARCHETYPES Continued
The circle The journey The garden
Wheel of Time, Tibetan sand mandala.
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MYTHS AS EXPLANATIONS
Myths are ways to understand the mysteries of the universe
and pain and hardships of living in it.
Pearson Longman © 2009
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EXPLANATIONS Creation
"The Birth of Venus" Sandro Botticelli, 1482
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EXPLANATIONS The natural world
Bella Coola Eagle Memorial Pole
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EXPLANATIONS Human suffering
Laocoon and his sons in the Vatican1st or 2nd century BCE
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EXPLANATIONSThe doomed family
Interior of an 1800’s Tlingit Chief’s home, called the “Whale House.”
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MYTHS OF CHILDHOOD Reassurance of safety and love A recognition of stereotypical gender roles,
class distinctions, and the notion that good and evil are based on physical appearance
A recognition of the importance of names A recognition of the dark side
Pearson Longman © 2009
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POPULAR MYTHOLOGYPopular mythology identifies and evaluates
certain thought and emotional patterns.
Common phrases: What goes around comes around. All you need is love. It’s destiny. Isn’t that just like a man/woman?
Pearson Longman © 2009
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HOW MYTHS INFLUENCE THE HUMANITIES
A knowledge of mythology enhances our understanding and appreciation of what is
seen, heard or read.
Example:William Butler Yeats(1865-1939)
“Leda and the Swan”
Pearson Longman © 2009