Download - Chapter 3 ( aka Unit 7A): Minerals
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Chapter 3 ( aka Unit 7A): Minerals
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Part I: Mineral Formation & Structure
1. What are minerals?
1. Minerals are natural, inorganic solids with a definite chemical composition and a particular crystalline structure .
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Part I: Mineral Formation & Structure
2. What are the five characteristics of minerals?
2. Minerals are formed in nature and can’t be man made.Inorganic- not from living thingsSolidAlways the same chemicals in exact proportions.Crystals are always the same shape.
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Part I: Mineral Formation & Structure
3. How manyminerals are found in the Earth’s curst?
3. Over 2,000
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Part II: Mineral Composition4. What are Silicates?
QuartzSiO2
4. Made up of silicon, oxygen, and sometimes other elements. Silicates are the largest group of the minerals.
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• Roman naturalist Pliny the Elder believed quartz to be water ice, permanently frozen after great lengths of time. (The word "crystal" comes from the Greek word for purity.) He supported this idea by saying that quartz is found near glaciers in the Alps, but not on volcanic mountains, and that large quartz crystals were fashioned into spheres to cool the hands. He also knew of the ability of quartz to split light into a spectrum. This idea persisted until at least the 1600s.
Cool Facts about Quartz
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• Jewelry; watches • laboratory tubes and crucibles • radio, television, and radar• Quartz makes up almost all of two very
important building stones. Sandstone is a rock made up of quartz sand held together by a natural cement.
• Many more….
Uses of Quartz
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Olivine - Mg2SiO4
• August birthstone• Igneous rock• Found in Meteorites
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Part II: Mineral Composition5. What are Carbonates
–
5. Carbonates are made up of CO3 and a metal•Calcite is often the primary constituent of the shells of marine organisms; makes up sedimentary rock and limestone
CalciteCaCO3
HematiteFe2O3- herma , Greek word for blood;
Found on Mars; used as a “booby trap” in Egyptian tombs ( irritant to eyes and
skin)
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Part II: Mineral Composition6. What are sulfides ?
6. Sulfides are made up of sulfur and one or more metals.
PyriteFeS2 or Fool’s Gold
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Part II: Mineral Composition7. What are Sulfates ?
7. SO4 and one or more metals?Example:Gypsum :CaSO4 . 2H2O
Gypsum found plaster board linings for houses; fertilizer, surgical splints and casting
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Part II: Mineral Composition8. What are Halides?
8. Consist of halogen, Cl, or F and a metal•Use for HID ( high intensity lamps)•Seen naturally in reefs
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Part II: Mineral Composition9. Nativeelements –
9. Not combined with anything•Diamonds•Cooper•Nickel•Gold•Arsenic
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Part III Mineral Identification
10. What are the properties of minerals?
10. Mineral properties include Luster, streak, cleavage, fracture, specific gravity, and hardness
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Part III Mineral Identification
11. What is luster
11. Luster is the way a mineral reflects light; described as metallic, pearly, silky, glassy, dull, greasy
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Part III Mineral Identification
12. What is streak?
12. Streak is the color of a mineral in powered form.
How? Rub a mineral across a streak plate
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Part III Mineral Identification
13. What is color?
13. Color – different impurities can make the same minerals different colors
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Part III Mineral Identification
14. What is cleavage?
14. Cleavage means the ability to break along smooth flat surfaces
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Part III Mineral Identification
15. What is fracture?
15. Fracture means the way a mineral tends to break.
• Unevenly or evenly?