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Chapter 21
Physical Geography of Southwest Asia
Harsh and Arid Lands
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Section 1:Landforms and Resources
peninsulas:
Arabian and Anatolian
plains and highlands:
most of Arabian Peninsula is
covered by barren plains
with some low hills, ridges,
and wadis
mountains:
Hindu Kush
Zagros
Elburz
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water:
Tigris and Euphrates
Jordan River
Dead Sea
resources:
oil and water two most crucial also
have some coal deposits and some
mineral deposits
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Section 2:Climate and Vegetation
Southwest Asia is extremely arid. Most areas
receive less than 18 inches of precipitation in a year
deserts:
Rub al-Khali
An-Nafud
Negev
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semiarid lands and well-watered coastal lands create
opportunities for various types of vegetation from a small
oasis to pasture land to citrus and olive trees
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Section 3:Human-Environment
Interaction
providing precious water:
dams
irrigation systems
including drip irrigation
fossil water
and …
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desalinization
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oil and natural gas are fossil fuels trapped
in rock and sand. Crude oil needs to be
sent to a refinery to be processed into
more useable products (see diagram on page 498)
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Chapter 22
Human Geography of Southwest Asia:Religion, Politics, and Oil
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Section 1:The Arabian Peninsula
Islam changes desert culture:
Islam (610 A.D.)
Muhammad
Mecca
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Five Pillars of Islam:
Faith: “There is no God but
Allah, and Muhammad is the
Messenger of Allah”
Charity: support the
less fortunate
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Prayer: 5 times a day
toward Mecca
Fasting: no eating or
drinking anything between
sunrise and sunset for the
entire holy month of
Ramadan
Pilgrimage: all able Muslims
are expected to make a
pilgrimage (hajj) to Mecca at
least once during their
lifetime
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modern Arabic life:
lots of mosques
some areas still very
theocratic
oil dominates the
economies – especially in
the OPEC countries
movement into the cities (less farmers, nomads, etc.)
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Section 2:The Eastern Mediterranean
Jerusalem is sacred to Judaism, Islam,
and Christianity: religious sites such as –
Western Wall
Dome of the Rock
Mount of Olives
etc.
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Whose land is it?
Jews – Israel, Zionism Muslims - Palestinian, PLO
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the countries of the
Eastern Mediterranean
are dominated by
Muslims but there are
also Christians, Druze,
Baha’i and other small
congregations
There are also other
groups such as
Bedouins, Eastern
Europeans, etc.
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Section 3:The Northeast
a blend of cultures:
Mesopotamia
Kurds
Sunni
Shi’ite
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clashes over land:
Taliban in Afghanistan
Saddam Hussein in Iraq
Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda
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Chapter 23 - Todays’ Issues:Southwest Asia
Section 1:Population Relocation
guest workers – in 2005 almost 90%
of UAE workforce was foreigners
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West Bank Gaza Strip
struggles continue between Israelis and Palestinians with millions of
refugees including Kurds, Arabs, Jews, and others affected
Israel rich, modern, strong Palestine poor, overcrowded, cheated
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Section 2: Oil Wealth Fuels Change oil, “black gold” was so
vital it became a strategic
commodity, but has also
provided money for
countries to diversify
modernizing infrastructure
new technologies
agricultural production
human resources
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read the case study on page 532
How do you propose to solve the problem of
Jerusalem?
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Credits
all photos:
Sean Simons