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Chapter 20 Section 2The Harding Presidency
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The Harding PresidencyThe Harding Presidency
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Who was Harding?
• Good-natured man with poor judgment• Ohio senator who described
“normalcy” as simpler days • His words of peace and calm
comforted a healing nation
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Working for PeaceWorking for Peace
• Post WWI problems: arms control, war debts, & reconstruction
• Harding’s Washington Naval Conference (Russia left out)
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Charles Evans HughesCharles Evans Hughes
• “Stop building warships for ten years”
• Asked five powers (US, GB, Japan, France, & Italy) to scrap many warships
• What will this do to the economy?
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Kellogg-Briand Act 1928Kellogg-Briand Act 1928
• World Powers agree to disarm
• Renounced war as national policy (peace not war)
• No means of enforcement
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High Tariffs and ReparationsHigh Tariffs and Reparations
• Harding favoring isolationism but trying to head off trouble.• Britain and France can’t debt to U.S.
($10 Billion)• Could do this in two ways: –sell goods to US –collect reparations from Germany
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• Fordney-McCumber Tariff 1922 – raised taxes on US imports to 60% –Protected U.S. businesses –Made it impossible for Britain &
France to sell enough goods in the U.S. to repay the debts
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What did they do?
• Demanded Germany to pay and sent in troops • To avoid war,
banker Charles Dawes went to negotiate loans
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Dawes PlanDawes Plan
• American investors loan Germany $2.5 billion to pay Britain & France who in turn pay the US
• Caused resentment: –Britain and France say US not paying fair
share, US benefited from German defeat while Europeans paid for victory with lives –US considered Britain & France financially
irresponsible.
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Limiting Immigration
• Fueling Nativism:–Union disputes with immigrant
anarchists and socialists–Unskilled labor jobs decreasing
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Quota System
• Congress under pressure from nativists votes for the Emergency Quota Act 1921–System establishes a maximum
number of people who could enter the U.S. from certain countries. –Goal was to limit European
Immigration
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• System discriminated against those from Eastern and Southern Europe (Roman Catholics and Jews)
• National Origins Act 1929 – reduced immigration further by admitting only 150,000 a year
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• Law excluded Japanese immigration all together• Did not apply to Western
Hemisphere (Canada and Mexico)
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Think About It:
•Does who you hang out with determine who you are?
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Scandal Hits Harding’s AdministrationScandal Hits Harding’s Administration
• Harding favored limited government on domestic issues (business affairs and social reform)
• Set up Bureau of the Budget to help run government more efficiently
• Urged US steel to abandon the 12-hour day
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Harding’s CabinetHarding’s Cabinet
• Charles Evans Hughes – secretary of state who became chief justice
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• Herbert Hoover – secretary of commerce (goof job handling food distribution & refugee problems during war)
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• Andrew Mellon – extremely wealthy, secretary of treasury (set measures to cut taxes and reduce national debt)
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Ohio Gang Ohio Gang (President’s Poker Playing Cronies)(President’s Poker Playing Cronies)
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Charles Forbes • Head of Veterans
Bureau, was caught illegally selling government and hospital supplies
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Colonel Thomas Miller• Office of Alien
Property (caught taking a bribe)• Charged
w/defrauding government & sentenced to 18 months
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The Teapot Dome ScandalThe Teapot Dome Scandal• Government had set aside oil-rich public
land at Teapot Dome, Wyoming, and Elk Hills, California, for use of the Navy
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• Secretary of Interior, Albert B. Fall transferred the oil reserves from the navy to Interior Department
• Secretly leased land to 2 private oil companies
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• Found guilty of bribery –first to be convicted of a felony while
holding cabinet post• Harding died shortly after of stroke• Calvin Coolidge is now president &
regained faith of people in the post of President
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Scandalous Writing:
• Read the “cartoon” strip• On the back, explain how the writer was
accurate about Harding and his administration.
• When completed, put it in the bin.