COLD WARAT HOME
Chapter 18
Section 3-4
Fear of Communism
Communist Party in U.S.100,000 members
Truman soft?
Federal Employee Loyalty ProgramGovernment employees
○ 3.2 million investigated○ Dismissed (212)
2,900 resigned
Fear Cont.
House Un-American Activities CommitteeMovie industry = propaganda slipped into films43 subpoenaed
Hollywood Ten○ Refused to testify ○ Sent to prison
Blacklist ○ 500 actors
Spies in U.S.
Alger HissFormer State Department official
Whittaker Chambers = former spy accused Hiss of spying○ Too long ago to be convicted o
Hiss convicted or perjury○ Nixon prosecuted him
Spies
Ethel and Julius RosenbergMinor activists in Communist PartyAccused of giving secrets on how to make
atomic bomb to soviets.JewishPleaded 5th Electric chairThought by many to be innocent
McCarthy Joseph McCarthy
Senator – Wisconsin
Ineffective legislator
charged that Communists taking over government○ Unsupported ○ said 205 = State
Department
McCarthyism = Unfair tactic of accusing people of disloyalty w/o evidence
1954 Claims against U.S. Army
Senate investigation○ Improper conduct
Died 3 years later○ Alcoholism
H-Bomb race
Hydrogen Bomb 67 times the power of A bomb.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UxF10IYOMCo
U.S. = November 1, 1952
Soviets = August 1953 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_
JyzMPTHa1U
Brinkmanship
EisenhowerUse all our force to go to the edge of all out
war○ Nuclear weapons○ Policy called = Brinkmanship
Cut back Army, expanded Air Force
Buildup of nuclear weapons
CIA
Central Intelligence AgencyGather information abroad on weapons
Covert operations○ Overthrow governments unfriendly to U.S.
Warsaw Pact
Stalin dies 1953
Warsaw PactSoviet UnionMilitary alliance7 Easter European CountriesCommunist version of NATO
Middle East
Eisenhower Doctrine The U.S. would defend the Middle East
against an attack by any communist country
Hungarian Uprising = 1956Dominated by the SovietsWanted a democratic government30,000 killed200,000 fled west
Why didn’t the U.S. Help??
Cold War = Skies Nikita Khrushchev took over after Stalin Wanted Communism to rule world
Peaceful coexistence○ Compete economically / scientifically
Space Race Race to show who was more advanced
October 4, 1957○ Soviets
○ Sputnik = artificial satelliteJanuary 31, 1958
○ U.S.○ Satellite
U-2
U-2 Incident = 1960 First drones
Collect information on troops / movement
Francis Gary Powers○ Shot down○ U.S. had to own up○ Tensions emerged○ Pilot sentenced to 10 years in prison