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Chapter 18
Plumbing Plans
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Links for Chapter 18
Introduction
Schedules and Drawings
Water and Sewage
Related Web Sites
Commercial Plumbing
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Introduction
• Industrial plumbing carries liquids and gases used to manufacture products
• Residential plumbing carries fresh water, gas, or liquid and solid waste
• Pipes are made of copper, steel, cast iron, or plastic
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Pipe Types
• Plastic pipe – Glued and is commonly called PVC or CPVC
– For fresh water and waste
• Copper pipe– Joints are soldered
– For hot or cold water
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Pipe Types
• Steel pipe– For large water distribution and natural gas
– Fittings are threaded
• Cast iron– For solid and liquid waste as sewer pipe
– More quiet than plastic pipe
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Sizing Pipe Requirements
• Size of water supply based on:– Amount of required water
– Supply pressure
– Pipe length
– Number of stories
– Flow pressure at farthest point from source
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Energy Conservation
• Insulate hot water pipes• Run water pipes in insulated spaces and in
the interior• Locate water heater in heated space• Select low-flow showerheads• Caulk water pipes and drains at plates• Seal all wall penetrations
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Universal Plumbing• Sinks
– Reachable from a wheelchair (about 34”)– About 6” deep– Use single-level or automatic faucets
• Water Closet– Keep 42” of clear space beside the toilet– Use elongated bowl about 15” to 19” high
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Universal Plumbing• Bathtub
– Use single-lever controls– At least 60” long with a 15” seat– Add a slip-resistant bottom and handles
• Showers– Minimum length is 60” and width is 30”– Add a slip-resistant bottom and handles
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Plumbing Schedules
• Specific information is given about the location, item, manufacturer and remarks for each fixture
• Each item must be carefully specified to avoid potentially costly errors
• Schedules should be located near plumbing plans
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Plumbing Drawings
• Use a different sheet or layer for drawings
• Fixtures can be place on floor plan drawing
• Draw plumbing lines thicker than wall lines
• Break lateral lines if they cross over others
• Sizes and specifications given as notes
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PlumbingDrawings
CWV
SDS
SW
ICW
DWS
F
G
T
M
FLANGED SCREWED BELLSPIGOT
WELDED SOLDERED
TYPES OF CONNECTIONS
GATE VALVE CHECK VALVE
TEE DOWN ELBOW DOWN
TEE UP ELBOW UP
HOT WATER RETURN
HOT WATER SUPPLY
COLD WATER SUPPLY
VENT PIPE
SOIL WASTE PIPE
90 ELBOW 45 ELBOW
LATERAL TEE
UNION
REDUCER
TEMPERED WATER
GAS LINE
SPRINKLER LINE
FIRE SERVICE
CHILLED DRINKING WATER
SOFT COLD WATER
STORM DRAIN OR SEWER
COMBINATION WASTE AND VENT
INDUSTRIALIZED COLD WATEROR IHW, HOT WATER
COUPLING
WATER METER
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Water Systems
• Water supply to the home is the main line and is 1” plastic pipe
• From main line to fixtures, 1/2” pipe is used• Place plumbing fixture above each other• Water heaters are placed on a platform and
are gas, oil, solar flat-plate collectors or electric
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WaterSystems
WH
HB
H.B.C.O.
4" C.I.
3" PVC
3/4"
1" PVC
METER
1/2"
M
NOTE: METER TO BEINSIDE IN COLDCLIMATES (CHECKWITH LOCAL CODES)
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Drainage and Venting
• Drainage system allows the solid and liquid waste to move to the sewer line
• Minimum slope of 1/4” per foot is required
• Vent system allows air to flow so gases dissipate and a vacuum is not created
• Use 3” or 4” pipe for drainage
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Isometric PlumbingDrawings
• Also called a plumbing riser diagram
• Shows a three-dimensional representation of the plumbing layout
ROOF VENT
VENT FLASHING
VENT LOOP VANITY
VENT LOOP
VENT
TO CITY SEWER
3" COPPER PIPE
WASHERSTANDPIPE
CLEANOUT
DRAIN
VENT
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Sewage Disposal
• Public sewers are located under a street• Septic systems contain a storage tank and
absorption field for dispersion of liquids• Percolation tests are used to determine if the
soil is accommodating• Sand filter systems are used if the soil is not
appropriate for a leach field
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Sewage Disposal
PLAN VIEW
SSSSSSSSS
10'
1000 GAL.SEPTIC TANK
5' MIN.
PLAN VIEW
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Commercial Plumbing• Fittings and lines must be clearly shown• Symbols are used to indicate the pipe
contents• Pipe size is given with a leader or note• Elevation of the pipe is given in feet and
inches with an abbreviation• Legends are given to show special symbols
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Plumbing CADD Symbols
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Plumbing CADD Symbols
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Related Web Sites
• American Standard - www.americanstandard.com
• Aqua Glass - www.aquaglass.com/
• B F Goodrich - www.flowguardgold.com
• Nibco - www.nibco.com