Chapter 17
Completing the Engagement
McGraw-Hill/Irwin ©2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved
Completing the engagement
1. Contingent liabilities
2. Commitments
3. Subsequent events
4. Final evaluation
5. Communications with the audit committee/management
6. Subsequent discovery of facts existing at the date of the financial statements
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1.Review for Contingent Liabilities
A contingent liability is defined as an existing condition, situation, or set of circumstances
involving uncertainty as to possible loss to an entity that will ultimately be resolved when some future
event occurs or fails to occur.
A contingent liability is defined as an existing condition, situation, or set of circumstances
involving uncertainty as to possible loss to an entity that will ultimately be resolved when some future
event occurs or fails to occur.
Probable: The future event is likely to occur.
Reasonably Possible: The chances of the future event occurring is more than remote but less than probable.
Remote: The chance of the future event occurring is slight.
Probable: The future event is likely to occur.
Reasonably Possible: The chances of the future event occurring is more than remote but less than probable.
Remote: The chance of the future event occurring is slight.
Examples
• Pending or threatened litigation;
• Actual or possible claims and assessments;
• Income tax disputes;
• Product warranties or defects;
• Guarantees of obligations to others;
• Agreements to repurchase receivables that have been sold.
Examples
• Pending or threatened litigation;
• Actual or possible claims and assessments;
• Income tax disputes;
• Product warranties or defects;
• Guarantees of obligations to others;
• Agreements to repurchase receivables that have been sold.
LO# 1
17-4
Audit Procedures for Identifying Contingent Liabilities
Read minutes of meetings of the board of directors, committees of the board,
and stockholders.
Review contracts, loan agreements, leases, and
correspondence from government agencies.
Confirm or otherwise document guarantees and
letters of credit.
Inspect other documents for possible guarantees.
Review income tax liability, tax returns, and IRS agents’
reports.
LO# 2
17-5
Audit Procedures for Identifying Contingent Liabilities
Inquiry and discussion with management about its policies and
procedures for identifying, evaluating, and accounting for
contingent liabilities.
Examine documents in the entity’s records such as correspondence and invoices from attorneys for pending or threatened lawsuits.
Obtain a legal letter that describes and evaluates any litigation, claims,
or assessments.
Obtain written representation from management that all litigation,
asserted and unasserted claims, and assessments have been
disclosed in accordance with FASB No. 5.
Specific Audit Procedures Conducted Near Completion of Audit
LO# 2
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Legal LettersA letter of audit inquiry (a legal letter) sent to the client’s attorneys is the primary means of obtaining or corroborating information about
litigation, claims, and assessments.
LO# 3
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Example of Legal LetterLO# 3
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2. Commitments
Long-term commitments are usually identified through inquiry of client personnel during the audit of the revenue and purchasing processes.
In most cases, such commitments are disclosed in a footnote to the financial statements.
Long-term contracts to purchase raw materials or sell their products at a fixed price.
Long-term contracts to purchase raw materials or sell their products at a fixed price.
To obtain a favorable pricing arrangement.
To obtain a favorable pricing arrangement.
To secure the availability of raw
materials.
To secure the availability of raw
materials.
LO# 4
17-9
3. Review for Subsequent Events for Audit of Financial Statements
Balance Sheet Date
Type I Event
Affects estimates that are part of
financial statements.
Type II Event
Conditions did not exist at the balance sheet
date.
Require adjustment of the financial statements.
Require disclosure and possibly pro forma
financial statements.
LO# 5
17-10
Review of Subsequent Events for Audit of Financial Statements
LO# 5
17-11
Dual DatingWhen a subsequent event is recorded or disclosed
in the financial statements after the date on which the auditor has obtained sufficient appropriate audit evidence but before the
issuance of the financial statements, the auditor must consider the following options for dating of
the auditor’s report:
(1) “Dual date” the report (limits liability)
(2) Use the date of the subsequent event.
LO# 6
17-12
Audit Procedures for Subsequent Events
Inquire of Management
Read Interim Financial
StatementsExamine the
Books of Original Entry
Examples of audit procedures
Read Minutes of Meetings
Inquire of Legal Counsel
Obtain Management
Representation Letter
LO# 7
17-13
Review of Subsequent Events for Audit of Internal Control over Financial
Reporting
Auditors of public companies are responsible to report on any changes in internal control that
might affect financial reporting between the end of the reporting period and the date of the
auditor’s report.
LO# 7
17-14
4.Final Evidential Evaluation Processes
Perform final analytical procedures.
Evaluate entity’s ability to continue as a going
concern.
Obtain a representation letter.
Review working papers.
Final assessment of audit results.
Evaluation of financial statement presentation
and disclosure.
Obtain an independent review of the engagement.
LO# 8
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Estimating Likely MisstatementsLO# 8
17-16
Archiving and RetentionSarbanes-Oxley Act and PCAOB’s Documentation Standard
• Requires audit firms to archive their public-company audit files for retention within 45 days following the time the auditor grants permission to use the auditor’s report in connection with the issuance of the company’s financial statements.
• Retain audit documentation for 7 years from the date of completion of the engagement, as indicated by the date of the auditor’s report, unless a longer period of time is required by law.
• Retain all documents that “form the basis of the audit or review.”
• Include in the audit file for significant matters any document created, sent, or received, including documents that are inconsistent with a final conclusion. Significant changes in audit plans or conclusions must also be documented.
LO# 8
17-17
Going Concern ConsiderationsLO# 9
17-18
Going Concern ConsiderationsLO# 9
17-19
Going Concern ConsiderationsLO# 9
17-20
5. Communications with Audit Committee and Management
Auditors are required to communicate to those charged with governance certain matters related to the conduct of the audit.
Auditor’s responsibility under GAAS.
Significant accounting policies.
Management judgments and accounting
estimates.
Significant audit adjustments.
Auditor’s judgments about the quality of the entity’s
accounting principles.
Disagreements with management.
Consultation with other accountants.
Major issues discussed with management before the auditor was retained.
Difficulties encountered during the
audit.
Fraud involving senior management and fraud that causes material misstatement of the financial
statements.
LO# 10
17-21
6.Subsequent Discovery of Facts Existing at the Date of the Auditor’s Report
Notify the client that the auditor’s report must no
longer be associated with the financial statements.
Notify the client that the auditor’s report must no
longer be associated with the financial statements.
Notify any regulatory agency having jurisdiction
over the client that the auditor’s report can no longer be relied upon.
Notify any regulatory agency having jurisdiction
over the client that the auditor’s report can no longer be relied upon.
Notify each person known to the auditor to be relying
on the financial statements.
Notify each person known to the auditor to be relying
on the financial statements.
LO# 11
17-22
End of Chapter 17