Download - Chapter 16 Study Notes:
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Chapter 16 Study Notes:
Groundwater
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Chapter 16 Section 1Study Notes:
Water Beneath the Surface
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1. ____________ is the water beneath Earth’s surface.
Groundwater
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2. An ______ is a body of rock that stores groundwater and allows it to flow.
aquifer
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3. The percentage of the total ________ of rock that consists of open spaces is called ________.
volumeporosity
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4. The amount of uniformity in the size of rock or sediment _______ is called ______.
particlessorting
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5. __________ is the ability of rock to let fluids pass through its pores.
Permeability
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6. Open spaces in rock must be connected in order for the rock to be __________.permeable
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7. The layer of an aquifer in which the pore space is completely filled with water is called the zone of _________. saturation
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8. The upper surface of underground water is called the _____ _____.water table
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9. The aquifer zone that lies between the water table and Earth’s surface is called the zone of ________. aeration
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10. ________ is the steepness of a slope.Gradient
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11. A second water table that sits above the first water table is called a _______ water table.perched
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12. The area where water from the surface can move through permeable rock to reach an aquifer is called a ________ zone.recharge
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13. A natural flow of groundwater to Earth’s surface is called a ______. spring
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14. Pumping water from a well lowers the water table around the well and causes a _____ of __________.cone depression
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15. An _______ ________ is a sloping layer of permeable rock sandwiched between two layers of impermeable rock.
artesian formation
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16. Wells, springs, and artesian formations bring _____ to Earth’s surface.water
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17. _______ and ___ ______ are land features formed by hot groundwater.
Geysers hot springs
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18. A ______ is a hot spring that erupts through vents.
geyser
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Chapter 16 Section 2Study Notes:
Groundwater and Chemical Weathering
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1. Water rich in dissolved minerals is called _____ water.hard
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2. Water with low concentrations of dissolved minerals is called ____ water.soft
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3. Carbonic acid breaks down minerals in rock in a process called ________ __________.chemicalweathering
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4. Rock becomes chemically weathered when ________ acid, formed when water passes through soil and ________ minerals in the rock.
carbonic
dissolves
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5. Rock that is rich in the mineral ______ is especially vulnerable to chemical weathering?calcite
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6. A ______ is a natural cavity in rock that forms as a result of the _________ of minerals.
cavern
dissolving
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7. A cone-shaped deposit of calcite on the ceiling of a cave is called a ________.stalactite
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8. Calcite formations standing on the floor of a cavern are called _________. stalagmite
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9. A circular depression that forms on the surface when rock ________ is called a ________.
dissolvessink hole
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10. _____ __________ is irregular landforms created by the ________ weathering of rock by groundwater.
Karst topographychemical
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11. A region that clearly shows the results of chemical weathering is called _____ __________.
Karst topography
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12. Common features of karst topography include closely spaced _________ and _______.sink holes caverns
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The End!!!