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CHAPTER 1
Sentences
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Kinds of Sentences
Declarative- statement, ends in a periodInterrogative- question, ends in a question
markImperative- command or request, ends in a
period or exclamation pointExclamatory- expresses strong emotion, ends
in an exclamation point
Look out the window
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Your Turn
Write a sentence about the below picture with your group; make sure this sentence fits the kind Miss MacQuarrie tells you.
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Subjects and Predicates
Simple subject- main noun or pronoun that tells whom or what the sentence is about
Simple predicate- the verb of the sentence
The brown kangaroo hopped across the field.
The brown kangaroo and its baby hopped across the field.
The brown kangaroo and its baby hopped and weaved across the field
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Inverted Order
When the verb comes before the subject Question There or Here
The words there and here will never be the subject of the sentence!
Rearrange the sentence to find the correct subject and verb.
Does a kangaroo hop?
There is the kangaroo!
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Your Turn
Write two subjects and two verbs.Switch subjects and verbs with another
group.Write two sentences with those subjects and
verbs.
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Understood You
The subject in many imperative sentences.Do your homework!(You) do your homework!
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InV vs. TrV
Intransitive verbs- action verb that does not have an object He shot first but missed.
Transitive verbs- action verb that does have an object. He shot the ball but missed the goal.
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DOs and IOs
Direct object (DO)- noun or pronoun after a TrV that answers the question what? or whom? She gave a gift to her friend.
Indirect object (IO)- noun or pronoun after a TrV but before a DO that answers the question to whom? Or for whom? She gave me the gift of her love.
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LVs
Linking verb- describes a state of being, not an action; links a subject with its complement Jesus is my best friend.
Be verbsTaste, seem, feel, grow, etc.Can be replaced with a be verb or an equal
sign. The chocolates taste wonderful.
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5 Basic Sentence Patterns
S + InV – Cats scratch.S + TrV + DO - I can ride a horseS + TrV + IO + DO – I threw my dog the ball.S + LV + PN – My dog is Duncan.S + LV + PA- My dog is obedient most of the
time.
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A shiny red bikeHave always wantedI have always wanted a shiny red bike.Although I couldn’t afford one
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Phrases and Clauses
Phrase- group of words, without both a subject and verb A mother kangaroo Hopped and weaved
Clause- group of words, with both a subject and verb Because he attempted the dangerous jump He broke his leg attempting the dangerous jump.
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Independent vs. Dependent Clauses
Independent clause- subject, verb, complete thought, the main clause, can stand alone as a sentence The panda bear primarily eats bamboo.
Dependent clause- subject, verb, incomplete thought, cannot stand alone as a sentence Although most bears vary their diets
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SERIOUSERRORS!
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Fragments
Abbreviated frag.Incomplete sentence wrongly punctuated as a
sentenceDoes NOT have these three things:
Subject Verb Complete thought
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Examples
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Combining Sentences
The navigator spotted an approaching ship.
He quickly warned the captain of the submarine.
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Comma Splices
Abbreviated cs2 sentences joined incorrectly by only a
commaExamples?
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Fused Sentences
Abbreviated fs2 sentences incorrectly joined WITHOUT any
punctuationExamples?
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How to Fix?
PeriodSemicolonCombine with a comma and coordinating
conjunction FANBOY
Dependent clause
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In-Class Essay
What are the three types of conflict? How are these types different? Illustrate how these types are used your literature stories. Support your points with examples from your literature stories.