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1: Introduction to Emergency Medical Care
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History of Emergency MedicalServices (1 of 3)
• Emergency care developed during warfare at thebeginning of the 20th century.
• By the 1960s, domestic emergency care laggedbehind.
• Staffed emergency departments were often limited tolarge urban areas.
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History of Emergency MedicalServices (2 of 3)
• Accidental Death and Disability: The NeglectedDisease of Modern Society (1966)
• Recommended: – Development of training
– Development of federal guidelines and policies
– Provide emergency care and transport
– Establish staffed emergency departments
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History of Emergency MedicalServices (3 of 3)
• Highway Safety Act and the Emergency Medical Actcreated funding
• DOT developed the first National Standard Curriculumfor training EMTs in the early 1970s
• EMS established in most of the United States by 1980
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Levels of Training• Lay Rescuer
• First Responder
• EMT-Basic
• EMT-Intermediate
• EMT-Paramedic
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Components of the EMSSystem (1 of 5)
• Access
– Easy access in an emergency is essential.
• Administration and Policy
– Policies and procedures are essential.
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Components of the EMSSystem (2 of 5)
• Medical Direction and Control
– Each EMS system must have a medical director.
– Medical control may take place online or
off-line.
• Quality Control and Improvement
– Process used to ensure patient care meetsstandards.
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Components of the EMSSystem (3 of 5)
• Other physician input
– Local, state, and national specialists provide
guidance.
• State-specific statutes and regulations
– All EMS systems are subject to state regulations.
• Equipment
– Properly maintained equipment is essential.
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Components of the EMSSystem (4 of 5)
• Ambulance
– EMT-Bs must be familiar with the ambulance and
its functions.
• Specialty Centers
– Focusing on care for certain types of patients
• Interfacility Transports
– Transportation of patients from one care facility toanother
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Components of the EMSSystem (5 of 5)
• Hospital Staff
– EMS is part of the whole continuum of care.
• Working with Public Safety Agencies
– EMT-Bs should understand the role of each
agency.
• Training – Quality of care depends on training.
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Providing a CoordinatedContinuum of Care
• 1st Phase—access to EMS system
• 2nd Phase—out of hospital care
• 3rd Phase—emergency department care
• 4th Phase—definitive care
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Roles and Responsibil it iesof the EMT-B (1 of 2)
• Personal safety
– Safety of crew, patient, and bystanders• Patient assessment
– Patient care based on assessment findings
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Roles and Responsibil it iesof the EMT-B (2 of 2)
• Lifting and moving patients safely
• Transport and transfer of care
• Record keeping/data collection
• Patient advocacy/confidentiality
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Professional Attributesof the EMT-B
• Puts patient’s needs as a priority without endangeringself
• Maintains professional appearance and manner • Performs under pressure
• Treats patients and families with understanding,respect, and compassion
• Respects patient confidentiality
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Professional Appearance
The EMT-B should maintain
a professional appearance and manner.
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Continuing Education• Continuing education required to renew certification
• Keep up-to-date on new procedures and issues on
local, state, and national levels
• Maintain knowledge and skills