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Ch-5 The Fundamental Unit of Life: Cell
SUBJECT: BIOLOGY
CLASS :IX
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Contents
• Cell Theory
• Types of Cell
• Components of Cell
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Cell Theory
•Robert Hooke saw that the cork resembled the structure of a honeycomb consisting of many little compartments.
•Cork is a substance which comes from the bark of a tree. (This was in the year 1665 when Hooke made this chance observation through a self-designed microscope)
•Robert Hooke called these boxes cells
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Cell
•Cells were first discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665
•Cell is a Latin word for ‘a little room’
•Cells represent the basic structural and functional unit of life.
•Organelles - small structures inside a cell with specific functions.
•All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
•All tissues & organs are composed of cells.
•There is no life without cells!
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Types of Cells
• Cells are similar to factories with different laborers
and departments that work towards a common
objective.
• Various types of cells perform different functions.
Based on cellular structure, there are two types of cells:
•Prokaryotes•Eukaryotes
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Prokaryotic
• Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus. Instead, some prokaryotes such as bacteria have a region within the cell where the genetic material is freely suspended. This region is called the nucleoid.
• The cell size ranges from 0.1 to 0.5 µm in diameter.
• They all are single-celled microorganisms. Examples include archaea, bacteria, and cyanobacteria.
• The hereditary material can either be DNA or RNA.
• Prokaryotes reproduce by binary fission, a form of sexual reproduction.
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Eukaryotic• Eukaryotic cells are characterized by a true nucleus.
• The size of the cells ranges between 10–100 µm in diameter.
• This broad category involves plants, fungi, protozoan, and animals.
• The plasma membrane is responsible for monitoring the transport of nutrients and electrolytes in and out of the cells. It is also responsible for cell to cell communication.
• They reproduce sexually as well as asexually.
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Components of Cells
•The plasma membrane surrounds the cell.
•The nucleus is the largest organelle.
•Double layered nuclear envelope.
Cell Model (Internet connection required to follow link)
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Components of Cells
• Cytoplasm refers to the cellular material between
the cell membrane and nuclear envelope.
• Organelles such as the mitochondria, Golgi
complex, centrioles, and endoplasmic reticulum,
vacoules, ribosomes, chloroplast, lysosomes are
found in the cytoplasm.