![Page 1: Ch. 4 “People and Places”. 4.1 Elements of Culture Culture: The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of specific](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062417/551b0c3b550346cf5a8b4db5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ch. 4 “People and Places”
![Page 2: Ch. 4 “People and Places”. 4.1 Elements of Culture Culture: The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of specific](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062417/551b0c3b550346cf5a8b4db5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
4.1 Elements of Culture
• Culture:• The total of knowledge,
attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of specific group– Can involve:– Religion, food, education,
language, relationships, etc.
![Page 3: Ch. 4 “People and Places”. 4.1 Elements of Culture Culture: The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of specific](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062417/551b0c3b550346cf5a8b4db5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Society• A group that shares a
geographic region, a sense of identity, and culture
Cubans
![Page 4: Ch. 4 “People and Places”. 4.1 Elements of Culture Culture: The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of specific](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062417/551b0c3b550346cf5a8b4db5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Ethnic Group
• a specific group that shares a language, customs, and heritage.
![Page 5: Ch. 4 “People and Places”. 4.1 Elements of Culture Culture: The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of specific](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062417/551b0c3b550346cf5a8b4db5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Culture Change and Exchange
• 3 Types:1. Innovation
2. Diffusion
3. Acculturation
![Page 6: Ch. 4 “People and Places”. 4.1 Elements of Culture Culture: The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of specific](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062417/551b0c3b550346cf5a8b4db5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Innovation
• Taking existing technology and resources and creating something new to meet a need.
![Page 7: Ch. 4 “People and Places”. 4.1 Elements of Culture Culture: The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of specific](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062417/551b0c3b550346cf5a8b4db5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Diffusion
• Spread of new ideas• Resources like the
television and internet help to spread new ideas
Cultural hearth- where it all begin; the site of innovation
![Page 8: Ch. 4 “People and Places”. 4.1 Elements of Culture Culture: The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of specific](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062417/551b0c3b550346cf5a8b4db5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Acculturation
• Occurs when a society changes because it accepts or adopts an innovation.
![Page 9: Ch. 4 “People and Places”. 4.1 Elements of Culture Culture: The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of specific](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062417/551b0c3b550346cf5a8b4db5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Language
• Allows people to communicate
• Helps establish cultural identity.
• Dialect: differ. Version of speech– ie.: southern drawl
• Language can be spread through trade and migration
![Page 10: Ch. 4 “People and Places”. 4.1 Elements of Culture Culture: The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of specific](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062417/551b0c3b550346cf5a8b4db5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Religion
• Monotheistic: one god• Polytheistic: more
than one• Animistic: divine
forces are within nature
• Spread through diffusion and converts
![Page 11: Ch. 4 “People and Places”. 4.1 Elements of Culture Culture: The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of specific](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062417/551b0c3b550346cf5a8b4db5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Major Religions
• Judaism– Holy book is known as Torah.– Centered in Israel
• Christianity– Evolved from Judaism– Based on teachings of Jesus– Holy book is Bible
![Page 12: Ch. 4 “People and Places”. 4.1 Elements of Culture Culture: The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of specific](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062417/551b0c3b550346cf5a8b4db5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
• Islam– Based on teachings of the prophet
Muhammad– Holy book is the Qur’an
• Hinduism– Polytheistic– Based on a caste system
• Buddhism– Derives from Hinduism– Goal is to reach an enlightened state known
as “Nirvana”
![Page 13: Ch. 4 “People and Places”. 4.1 Elements of Culture Culture: The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of specific](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062417/551b0c3b550346cf5a8b4db5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Ch. 4.2 “Population Geography”
![Page 14: Ch. 4 “People and Places”. 4.1 Elements of Culture Culture: The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of specific](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062417/551b0c3b550346cf5a8b4db5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
World Wide Population Growth
• Birthrate:– Number of births per
1000
• Mortality rate:– Number of deaths per
1000
• Population Growth– “BR-MR”= pop growth
![Page 15: Ch. 4 “People and Places”. 4.1 Elements of Culture Culture: The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of specific](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062417/551b0c3b550346cf5a8b4db5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Population Distribution
• Habitable Lands– Area between 20° and 60° latitude
• Urban-rural mix
![Page 16: Ch. 4 “People and Places”. 4.1 Elements of Culture Culture: The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of specific](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062417/551b0c3b550346cf5a8b4db5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
20°
60°
Population Distribution
![Page 17: Ch. 4 “People and Places”. 4.1 Elements of Culture Culture: The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of specific](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062417/551b0c3b550346cf5a8b4db5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Migration
• Movement of people from one place to another
• Push-pull factors:– push: cause people
to leave their homeland
– pull: what attracts people to another location
![Page 18: Ch. 4 “People and Places”. 4.1 Elements of Culture Culture: The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of specific](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062417/551b0c3b550346cf5a8b4db5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Population Density
• Avg. # of people who live in a measurable area
• Carrying capacity: the ability of an areas land to support the inhabitants.
![Page 19: Ch. 4 “People and Places”. 4.1 Elements of Culture Culture: The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of specific](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062417/551b0c3b550346cf5a8b4db5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Ch. 4.3 “Political Geography”
• Nation: – people with common culture living in a
territory
• State :– Independent unit that occupies a specific
territory and has control of internal/external affairs
• Nation-state: – nation and state occupy same territory
![Page 20: Ch. 4 “People and Places”. 4.1 Elements of Culture Culture: The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of specific](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062417/551b0c3b550346cf5a8b4db5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Types of Government
• Democracy: – Citizens hold political
power, either directly or through elected reps.
![Page 21: Ch. 4 “People and Places”. 4.1 Elements of Culture Culture: The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of specific](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062417/551b0c3b550346cf5a8b4db5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Monarchy
• Ruling family, headed by a king or queen holds power. May or may not share power with citizen bodies.
![Page 22: Ch. 4 “People and Places”. 4.1 Elements of Culture Culture: The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of specific](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062417/551b0c3b550346cf5a8b4db5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Dictatorship
• Individual or group holds complete political power.
![Page 23: Ch. 4 “People and Places”. 4.1 Elements of Culture Culture: The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of specific](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062417/551b0c3b550346cf5a8b4db5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Communism
• Govt. and econ. system where all political power and means of production are held by the govt. in the name of the people
![Page 24: Ch. 4 “People and Places”. 4.1 Elements of Culture Culture: The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of specific](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062417/551b0c3b550346cf5a8b4db5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Geographic Characteristics
• Size– More potential for resources and population
base
• Shape– Impacts how goods are moved and how
easily it can be governed
![Page 25: Ch. 4 “People and Places”. 4.1 Elements of Culture Culture: The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of specific](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062417/551b0c3b550346cf5a8b4db5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Location
– Landlocked: land w/ no direct outlet to water
Bolivia
![Page 26: Ch. 4 “People and Places”. 4.1 Elements of Culture Culture: The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of specific](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062417/551b0c3b550346cf5a8b4db5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
National Boundaries
• Natural Boundaries– Rivers, lakes, or mountains
• Artificial Boundaries– Fixed line generally following lat. or long.
![Page 27: Ch. 4 “People and Places”. 4.1 Elements of Culture Culture: The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of specific](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062417/551b0c3b550346cf5a8b4db5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Regional Political Systems
• Countries are often divided into smaller systems to make govt. more efficient.– Towns, cities, villages are examples
![Page 28: Ch. 4 “People and Places”. 4.1 Elements of Culture Culture: The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of specific](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062417/551b0c3b550346cf5a8b4db5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Ch. 4.4 “Urban Geography”
• Cities: – Centers of business & culture– Large populations
• Suburbs:– Political units that touch the borders of the
central city– ie: Redlands
• Metropolitan Area:– Cities, suburbs, linked together to form
![Page 29: Ch. 4 “People and Places”. 4.1 Elements of Culture Culture: The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of specific](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062417/551b0c3b550346cf5a8b4db5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Urbanization• Rise in the number of cities and the
changes in lifestyle
![Page 30: Ch. 4 “People and Places”. 4.1 Elements of Culture Culture: The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of specific](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062417/551b0c3b550346cf5a8b4db5/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
City locations
• Cities grow around lakes, rivers or coastal areas– Areas with good natural resources – Economic growth because of location
• Ex.: Pittsburgh, PA located around iron and coal mines
![Page 31: Ch. 4 “People and Places”. 4.1 Elements of Culture Culture: The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of specific](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062417/551b0c3b550346cf5a8b4db5/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Land Use• Residential: homes
and apts.• Industrial :
manufacturing• Commercial: private
businesses
![Page 32: Ch. 4 “People and Places”. 4.1 Elements of Culture Culture: The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of specific](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062417/551b0c3b550346cf5a8b4db5/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Central Business District (CBD)
• Core of the city, almost always based on commercial activity
• Land is very expensive
![Page 33: Ch. 4 “People and Places”. 4.1 Elements of Culture Culture: The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of specific](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062417/551b0c3b550346cf5a8b4db5/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Ch. 4.5 “Economic Geography”
• Economy:– Consists of the production and exchange of
goods and services among a group
• Economic System:– the way people produce and exchange goods
and services
![Page 34: Ch. 4 “People and Places”. 4.1 Elements of Culture Culture: The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of specific](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062417/551b0c3b550346cf5a8b4db5/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Types of Economic Systems
• Traditional econ.: no exchange of money• Command Econ:
– Production is determined by a central govt.
• Market Econ: – Production is determined by demand from
consumers
• Mixed Econ: – combination of command and market econ’s
for the benefit of all
![Page 35: Ch. 4 “People and Places”. 4.1 Elements of Culture Culture: The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of specific](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062417/551b0c3b550346cf5a8b4db5/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Economic Levels
• Primary:– Gather raw materials,
derived from resources
• Secondary– Turn raw materials into
goods
![Page 36: Ch. 4 “People and Places”. 4.1 Elements of Culture Culture: The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of specific](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062417/551b0c3b550346cf5a8b4db5/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
• Tertiary:– Add business and professional services
• Quaternary:– Activities by highly-trained persons
![Page 37: Ch. 4 “People and Places”. 4.1 Elements of Culture Culture: The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of specific](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062417/551b0c3b550346cf5a8b4db5/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Natural Resources• Renewable:
– Resources can be replaced through a natural process
• Non-renewable:– Resources that can not be
replaced once they have been removed
• Inexhaustible:– as a result of the planetary
or solar process
![Page 38: Ch. 4 “People and Places”. 4.1 Elements of Culture Culture: The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of specific](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062417/551b0c3b550346cf5a8b4db5/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Economic Support System• Infrastructure:
– Basic support system that keeps an economy going
– The more sophisticated the more developed the country is
![Page 39: Ch. 4 “People and Places”. 4.1 Elements of Culture Culture: The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of specific](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062417/551b0c3b550346cf5a8b4db5/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Measuring Econ. Development
• GNP Gross National Product:– Total value of all goods and services
• GDP Gross Domestic Product:– Total value of all goods and services within a
country