Download - Ch. 13 Islam
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Islam Chapter 13
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• Islam = Submission to God • Believers in Islam are called Muslims• The prophet Muhammad’s religious message
resonated deeply with Arabs• North Africa, Middle East, parts of Spain, India
and Central Asia were converted to Islam.• Chief building for Muslim worship is a mosque• Was a very popular religion along the Arabian
peninsula early 7th century
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Impact of Islam• Islam – Arabia, India, Spain – appealed to
many converts• A love of lyrics and poetry are seen
throughout their culture• Arab scholars laid foundations of
arithmetic and algebra• Islam spread quickly, impacted western
medieval art• Controlled by political governors called
Caliph’s
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Dome of the Rock
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Dome of the Rock 687-691 –Jerusalem
• Domed wooden octagon• Celebrates a new religion coming to the city• Muslims took columns from Roman monuments• 3 different interpretations – Adam’s burial,
Abraham’s sacrifice and Muhammad's journey to heaven
• Like San Vitale • Wooden dome
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Great Mosque 706ce Syria
Heavy Roman Influence
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• Capital was moved from Mecca to Damascus, Syria
• Bought a Byzantine church, built a Mosque for the rising Muslim population
• Similar to early Christian and Roman Art
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Minaret – a tall slenderColumn used to call people to prayer
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The Great Mosque 836ce Tunisa 836CE
What type of hall layout is this?
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Details in a Mosque
• Qibla – a wall which is in the direction towards Mecca
• Prayer is communal and private
• Mihrab – niche in the wall (popular with Rome when inclosing a sculpture)
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Mosaic in the Courtyard
Roman, Byzantine and early christian art influence
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Umayyad Palace – Mshatta Jordan 740ad
• Elaborate Mosaics are inside these Mosques.
• Clusters of horses, rivers, vegetation on secular side
• Mosque side has no patterns
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Minaret of The Great Mosque Samarra, Iraq 848 ce
What does this tower remind you of ?
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Mausoleum of the Samanids, Bukhara, 10th Century
• How did they bury their dead?
• - they created a Mausoleum
• Dome on cube arch.
• Brick squinches
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Prayer hall of the Great Mosque, 8th Cordoba,Spain
-Double tiered arches, carried a wooden roof
-Hypostyle Prayer Hall-Hall becomes light and airy
-Columns recycled from ancient Roman Sculptures
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Maqsura of the Great mosque – Corboba, Spain 961ce
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Dome in front of the mirhab of the Great Mosque
• Ribs and squinches• Intricate , 45 degree
angles
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Confronting lions and palm tree, fragment of a textile – 8th century
• Zoomorphic• Animals run across
between the roundels
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-Calligraphers are the most respected artists and are the highest form of art in the Islamic world-words on the walls of buildings
Koran Page 18 -9th and 10th Century
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Later Islamic Art –Muqarnas dome – 1354-1391, Granada Spain
• Hall of the two sisters• Rose color• Octangular dome• Stucco decoration• Dome of heaven• Light• Palace residence of
Muhammad V
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• Islamic Capital moved to Egypt.
• Largest Muslim city of the late middle ages
• Sultan Hasan a prolific builder of Islamic history.
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Madrasa and Mausoleumfor Sultan Hasan, Cairo Egypt 1356
• Madrasa- place of study to learn Islamic Law
• 4 colleges, mosque, mausoleum, orphanage and hospital, baths, shops
• Incorporates religious, educational and charitable functions
• Large central courtyard
• White building
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http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/hassanmosque.htm
Sultan Hasan Mosque
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• Iwan
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Sinan, interior of the Mosque of Slelim II Turkey – Outshined
Christians?
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Sultan Muhammad – The court of the Gayumars
– watercolor and gold on paper – 1525 - Iran