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Cell Structure Test Review
Plant & Animal Cells
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Cell Theory
I. ____________ are the building blocks of all living things
• single-celled organisms are called ____________
• Multi Cellular organisms require ____________ Cells can be multi-celled, where they have a specific function
II. All life processes take place in ____________
III.Energy production• Growth & reproduction
III.New cells are produced from ____________
• Cell growth processes include: ____________ and ____________
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Parts of a Cell
• ____________ = structures that perform specific functions in cells
• ____________ = clear fluid surrounding organelles
• Differences between Plant & Animal Cells:• ____________
• ____________
• (____________)
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Animal Cell
ChromosomesContain DNA
CytoplasmClear fluid
MicrotubulesStructural basis of the cells, used in
mitosis
Nucleus Pore
VacuolesStores nutrients and waste
Cell MembraneControls what
substances enter & leave cell
MitochondriaCreates energy
Smooth ER*RibosomesMake Proteins
Rough ER*
Golgi apparatus
FedEx: Transport System
Nucleolusregulates all cell activity by controlling the enzymes present.
NucleusControl Center
Nuclear membranecontrols what enters and leaves the nucleus
CentriolePull apart chromosoes during
mitosis
*ER : produces proteins and lipids for the cell's organellesRough contains Ribosomes
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23
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VacuoleStores nutrients and waste
MitochondriaCreates energy
Golgi apparatusFedEx: Transport System
Smooth ER*
Rough ER*ChloroplastMake sugars for food
Cell wallNucleus
Control Center
Cell MembraneControls what substances enter & leave cell
Nuclear membranecontrols what enters and leaves the
nucleus
RibosomesMake Proteins
Nucleolusregulates all cell activity by
controlling the enzymes present.
DNAProvides cell
instructions for reproduction
CytoplasmClear fluid
MicrotubulesStructural basis of the cells, used in
mitosis
Nuclear pore
Plant Cell
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5
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Name all of the organelles in the plant
cell with BLUE shape by their label.
WORD BOX
1. Cell Wall 4. Nucleus
2. Cytoplasm 5. Chloroplast
3. Mitochondria 6. Vacuole
7. Cell Membrane
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Animal Cell
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Eukaryotehave a nucleus (protists, fungi, plants, and animals)
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Prokaryotelack a nucleus (most bacteria)
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Cell Family Tree
Cells
____________(no Nucleus)
_________
____________(have a
Nucleus)
__________
________________
_______________
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Multicellular Organisms:5 Structural Levels of Organization
______
building block of life
Perform a specific function
______
______
______
Perform a specific job – made of at least 2 types of tissue
______
Complete living thing that relies on cells for life functions
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______ Cell
______ Cell
______ Cells
Specialized Cells
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ORGANELLES OF THE CELL
• Nucleus
The main control center of the cell
• Cytoplasm
The jelly-like substance inside of the cell keeping the cell inflated, and allows flow of nutrients
• Nucleolus
A small circular structure within the Nucleus which produces Ribosomes and proteins
• Cell Membrane
Allows transfer of nutrients and oxygen, and acts as a filter
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ORGANELLES OF THE CELL
• Cell Wall (plant cell only)
Provides structural support
and protects the cell
• Ribosomes
The small particles containing RNA and other proteins, these are found in the cytoplasm of the cell
• Mitochondria
The part of the cell that makes food into energy
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ORGANELLES OF THE CELL
• Lysosome
The part of the cell that contains digestive enzymes
• Chloroplast (plant cell only)
The part of the cell that produces the
green coloring and performs
photosynthesis
• Golgi
The part of the cell that modifies proteins for specific functions and prepares them for transport to other parts of the cell
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ORGANELLES OF THE CELL
• Vacuole
An area within the cell that stores food and/or waste of the cell
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Parts of a Microscope
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Protozoa Types
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Examples of Protozoa
____________
______
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Protozoa Types
Nematode (ROUNDWORM):most numerous multicellular animals on earth (NOT Protozoa)
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Typical Protozoa Structure
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Ptotozoa Organelles
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Amebae
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Prepare a Wet Slide
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Pond Protozoa
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Cell Reproduction
• Cells Reproduce Through Two Processes:
1. Mitosis= asexual reproduction• A 6 step process where body cells reproduce by
cell division.
• Create exact replicas of themselves for building tissues
• Examples: muscle cells, skin cells, nerve cells, blood cells
• Also Protozoa create exact replicas of themselves by cell division
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Cell Reproduction
2. Meiosis = Sexual Reproduction• A 9 step process involving multiplication
then division of cells.
• The reproductive process where new cells and organisms are formed
• Chromosomes from both parents are mixed when the sperm and egg cells combine to produce a fertilized egg
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Comparison of Mitosis (cell growth) vs. Meiosis
(cell reproduction):
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Mitosis
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Meiosis