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Cell Organelles
Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and most internal structures of eukaryotic cells.• All cells share certain characteristics.
– Cells tend to be microscopic.Cells tend to be microscopic.– All cells are enclosed All cells are enclosed
by a membrane. by a membrane.– All cells are filled with All cells are filled with
cytoplasm.cytoplasm.– All cells have DNA.All cells have DNA.
Bacterium(colored SEM; magnification 8800x)
cell membrane
cytoplasm
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Cell Organelles
There are two cell types: eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells.• Eukaryotic cells have a
nucleus.• Eukaryotic cells
have membrane-
bound organelles.
nucleus
cell membrane
organelles
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Cell Organelles
There are two cell types: eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells.• Prokaryotic cells do
not have a nucleus.
• Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound organelles.
nucleus
cell membrane
organelles
cytoplasm
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Cell Organelles
Why do cells have different shapes?
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Cell Organelles
KEY CONCEPT Eukaryotic cells share many similarities.
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Cell Organelles
Cells have an internal structure.• The cytoskeleton has many functions.
– supports and shapes cell– transports organelles– provides strength– assists in cell division
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Cell Organelles
A
B
C
D
Click to animate the image.
•The cytoskeleton helps the cell move, keep its shape, and organize its parts.
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Cell Organelles
Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins.• The nucleus stores genetic information.
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Cell Organelles
The Nucleus
A
BC
D
The nucleolus produces ribosomes.
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Cell Organelles
Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins.• Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum.
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Cell Organelles
Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins.
There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum.
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Cell Organelles
Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins.• The nucleus stores genetic information.• Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum.• There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum.
– rough endoplasmic reticulum
– smooth endoplasmic reticulum
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Cell Organelles
Rough ER has ribosomes and takes part in the production of protein
Smooth ER lacks ribosomes. Smooth ER makes lipids and breaks down drugs and alcohol.
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Cell Organelles
• Ribosomes link amino acids to form proteins.
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Cell Organelles
Golgi apparatus is a set of flattened, membrane-bound sacs that helps modify and package proteins for release from the cell.
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Cell Organelles
• Vesicles are membrane-bound sacs that hold materials.
• Vesicles store and release a variety of substances as the cell needs them.
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Cell Organelles
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Cell Organelles
Other organelles have various functions.• Mitochondria supply energy to the cell.
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Cell Organelles
Other organelles have various functions.• Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials.
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Cell Organelles
Other organelles have various functions.• Lysosomes contain enzymes to digest material.
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Cell Organelles
Other organelles have various functions.
• Centrioles help divide DNA and form cilia and flagella
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Cell Organelles
Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts.• A cell wall provides rigid support.
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Cell Organelles
Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts.
Chloroplasts convert solar energy to chemical energy.
(photosynthesis)