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CE 453 – Horizontal / vertical reference systems and mapping
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How Long was the route you designed?
Were the coordinates based on the:
• International foot? ( 1m= 3.2808399 ft)
(1 ft = 0.3048 m)
or the
• Surveyor’s foot (1 m = 3.2808333 ft)
(1m = 39.37”)
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What difference would that make?
Effect over 20 miles
0.21 feet (check it out)
Effect across the State of Iowa
~ 3.2 feet
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How long was the route you designed?
Were the distances measured along
• horizontal planes,
• spheroidal surfaces,
• geodetic surfaces, or
• Ellipsoidal surfaces?
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How high was the route you designed?
Were elevations from datums established in 1927 or in 1988?
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U.S. Reference datums - horizontalfor State Plane coordinate conversions
• NAD27 Clark ellipsoid of 1866 (ft)• NAD83 1980 GRS ellipsoid (metric)
• Later systems/sources include:• World Geodetic System(1984)• High Accuracy Reference System(HARN)• International Terrestial Reference Frame• Continuously Operating Reference Stations
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Computing State Plane coordinates:Lambert projection
• 10 Equations to determine zone constants -• Basic components• Ellipsoid major axis• Eccentricity• Grid origin (Latitude and longitude of the zone)• Spot coordinates (latitude and longitude)• False northing and easting of zone
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Mapping and data reference systems
The following sequence of slides is intended to introduce various data reference systems.
Several slides were obtained form a presentation from
David Doyle, National Geodetic Survey
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Slide 1 of 105
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Slide 12 of 105
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Slide 10 of 105
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Slide 15 of 105
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Slide 26 of 105
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Slide 30 of 105
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Slide 31 of 105
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Slide 33 of 105
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Slide 34 of 105
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Slide 38 of 105
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Slide 39 of 105
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Slide 42 of 105
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Slide 43 of 105
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Slide 44 of 105
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Slide 45 of 105
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Slide 3 of 105
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