-
4-1
crisis management1980
-
4-2
stable
environmentlinearrational process
risk societyBeck, 1986
chaosturbulence
butterfly effect
Mintzberg, 1990; 2012
2013
50
hot spot73%
3
The Earth Institute, 2005
-
4-3
effective crisis management
crisis
crimeinto decidecrisis
dividecrucialcriticaldecisive
turning
point201120002004Fearn-Banks
1996
20002004
Lerbingrt,
1997
-
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Coombs, 1998
Rosenthal and Kouzmin, 19972013
Coombs2012: 72
-
4-5
man-made crisis
natural crisis5
natural disastersaccidents
technological accidents induced
catastropheswar-related emergency
of civilians20002004Otto Lerbinger7
2009Seeger
2003
--
-
--
--
42004
mitigation policy
structural
unstructural
preparedness policy
-
4-6
response policy
,
recovery policy
4
uncertainty
-
4-7
Hodgkinson, 1991Chenhall & Morris1986
awareness of risk
was not recognized
invalidKoller,
20071992bovine spongiform
encephalopathy, BSE
Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food, MAFF
1996
3
Beck, et al.,
2005
vulnerability
-
4-8
Blaikie et al., 1994; Cutter et al., 1997; Mileti,
19992012
organizational resilience
resilienceDoe, 1994Horne III
1997
4
4
-
-
4-9
1
2004
-
4-10
Boin, et al.,
2005
5Boin, et al., 2005
Sense-making
-
4-11
Decision making
1963
Meaning making
911
-
4-12
Terminating
Learning
3
2004
-
4-13
SOPs
Dayton2014
urgency
anticipated
771
1
anticipated
Suprise
Extended
time
39 cases50%
NATA Kosovo Crisis
Waco Disaster
LA County Drought
I
Deliberation
engage others
16 cases21%
Gulf War Crisis 1990
Clinton Impeachment
Love Canal
Contamination
IIReflection
be innovative
55
71%
-
4-14
Short time
7 cases9%
Hurricane Katrina
US Airways Flight
1549
London Bombing 2005
III
Reflex Action
follow the plan
15 cases20%
2001 Anthrax Attacks
DC Sniper Attacks
BP Oil Spill 2010
IVRapid
Reactionreach closure
quickly
22
29%
4659% 3141% 77
Dayton, 2014.
77
60%
71%
20%
Dayton2014
4
/deliberation
engage others
Katrina
-
4-15
Sylves,2008
Boin,2009; Quarantelli,1988
Hawitt and Leonard,2009,
pp.131-136; Moynihan,2009
2006
command-control model
coordination and communication
model
-
4-16
Incident Command Systems, ICS
ICS
ICS
ICS
ICS
ICS
Moynihan, 2009
2006
Moynihan2009
3 network
diversityshared authority
work relations and trust
-
4-17
ICSICS
ICS
ICSICS
ICS
-
4-18
510
Hodgkinson, 1991
-
4-19
4
Hodgkinson, 1991
-
4-20
Coombs2007
primarysupplemental
3denydiminish
rebuild
2011
Katrina
Coombs2006
3quickconsistent
openness
-
4-21
250
80100
1212
2035
1
12
1
-
4-22
-
4-23
35
SOP
-
4-24
social media
FacebookLine
-
4-25
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PTT
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43
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45
A
A
A
A
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A
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C
D
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