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Case study: Shiga Toxin-producing
Escherichia coli (STEC), insight on hybrid types
Parma Summer School 2020
“One Health”
Date: 9-10 June 2020
Meeting venue: Virtual event
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Pathogenic Escherichia coli
STEC
Meningitis
Septicemia
EIEC
ExPEC
DEC
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Emorrhagic Diarrhea
Adehsion/colonization
90%
Recovery
5-7 days
10%
HUS
Action of Stx on the kidney’s
endothelium
STEC: Pathogenesis of infections
2-4 days
Ingestion
1-2 days
Abdominal Cramps, diarrhea Stx in blood– Action on the colonic endothelium
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Toxins
E-hly
Adhesion
toxB
Pathogenic E. coli: Genomic Complexity
toxins
AB BB A
B BB
Mobile genetic Elements:
• Bacteriophages
•Genomic Islands (PAI)
• Plasmids
LEE
OI-122
OI-57
AB BB
Gene pool
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AEEC
aEPEC
tEPEC
STECsptAB
LEE; Ehly
LEE
LEE
Stx
Ehly
LEE
pEAF
STECsptC StxSubAB; tia, saa
EhlyespP
STECOD
cfa; elt, est
Stx
f4; elt, est
ETEC
Stx-ETEC
Stx
EA-ETECaggR; elt
EAECaggR; aaf; aaiC; aatA
Stx-EAEC
Stx
ExPEC
Stx-ExPEC
Stx
pap; iroN; iss
EIECpic; sepA, sigA
pINV
pINV
Stx
Shigella
Hybrid E. coli types can emerge from the E. coli Continuum
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Stx-producing EAEC: The first cross patotypepathogenic E. coli
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3,842 cases
2987
non-HUS STEC
18 deaths
(0.6%)
855
HUS
35 deaths
(4.1%)
Of HUS cases,- 68% women
- Median age 42 years (0-91 years)- Bloody diarrhoea in 79%
Stx-producing EAEC O104:H4, Germany 2011
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ST-EAEC O111:H108 HUS
1992France
2012
Northern IrelandST-EAEC O111:H21
1 HUS
ST-EAEC O104:H4850 HUS
2011Germany, France
2009ST-EAEC O104:H41 HUS Italy
2010Finland
ST-EAEC O104:H41 HUS
ST-EAEC O104:H41 HUS
2001Germany
Stx-producing Enteroaggregative E. coli (ST-EAEC)
2013Italy
ST-EAEC O127:H44 HUS
ST-EAEC O86:NM1 HUS
2000Japan
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STEC Hybrid Pathogroups in the NGS era
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E. coli Infection: Epidemiology
✓ Entero-toxigenic E. coli (ETEC)
✓ Eentero-invasive E. coli (EIEC)
✓ Entero-aggregative E. coli (EAEC)
✓ Entero-patogenic E.coli (EPEC)
✓ Extra-intestinal Pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC)
inter–human Cycle
Oral–fecal Transmission
But foodborne transmission
is also suspected/ascertained
✓ Shiga-toxin-producing E.coli (STEC)
Zoonotic Cycle
Food-borne Transmission
Person to person also
reported
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Food of animal origin
STEC a zoonotic pathogen
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For hybrid types of pathogenic E. coli to emerge, contacts between strains from human and animal source is necessary
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Soil Surface waters
Environmental lead
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How does the overlapping between human and zoonotic bacteria occur?
• Municipal sewage sludge: Sewage sludge refers to the residual, semi-solid material that is produced as a by-product during sewage treatment of industrial or municipal wastewater. Increasingly used in agriculture as TSI
• Reclaimed water: Used in agriculture
• Contamination of recreational waters
• Urbanization of water streams
• Lack of safe water (increases the gene pool)
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Human and zoonotic E.coli
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The CogWheel
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Crops production management
Social disparity
Clean water availability
Animal farming
Patient’s treatment
Prevention
Food security
Wastes management
Thank you for your attention