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Case Study of IT in Action:Virginia Tech andDigital Libraries
SLA 1999 State of the ArtNovember 19, 1999Washington, D.C.
Edward A. Fox [email protected]
CC CS DLRL Internet TIC
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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Acknowledgements (Selected)
Sponsors: ACM, Adobe, IBM, Microsoft, NSF, OCLC, US Dept. of Education, …
Co-PIs: Marc Abrams, Robert Akscyn, John Eaton, Brian Kleiner, Gail McMillan
Students: Fernando Das Neves, Robert France, Neill Kipp, Paul Mather, Constantinos Phanouriou, James Powell, Ohm Sornil, David Watkins, Chang Zhang, Jianxin Zhao
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Remember!
5S (to understand and build DLs)
NDLTD (join! support!)
NUDL (help establish)
CSTC, CRIM (add to, use) -> NSDL
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OUTLINE Introduction Global digital libraries, for education Building digital libraries NDLTD
– Overview, History– Members, Collection– Support, Extensions
CSTC, CRIM Conclusion
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How do universities anddigital libraries relate?
Each U. will have its own digital library. Hence there will be large numbers (i.e., critical mass).
All students will learn how to use and how to “feed” digital libraries (and bring those habits to future work as needs and skills).
All digital library problems (esp. federation, flexibility, personalization) appear at U’s (so they are a good type of testbed, with willing collaborators in-place for developing solutions).
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Digital Libraries --- Virginia Tech MARIAN (NLM) CS DL Prototype - ENVISION (NSF, ACM) TULIP (Elsevier, OCLC) DL for CS Education - EI (NSF, ACM) WATERS, NCSTRL (NSF) NDLTD (SURA, US Dept. of Education) CSTC (NSF, ACM) CRIM (NSF, SIGMM) WCA (Log) Repository (W3C) VT-PetaPlex-1 (Knowledge Systems)
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Virginia Tech Background Largest university in Virginia, land-grant, town population
35K plus 25K students Blacksburg Electronic Village, since 1992, with 80% of
community on Internet Net.Work.Virginia, largest ATM network, with over 600 sites,
for education, research, govt LMDS, Local Multipoint Distribution Service, gigabit wireless
networking - 1/3 of Virginia Math Emporium, 500 workstations Faculty Development Initiative, round 2
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Supporting Authors (Teachers and Learners)
FacultyDevelop.Initiative
ETDSupport
Virginia TechDigital Library
UniversityLibraries
Classifying/Cataloging/Preserving
Collaboration
Visualization
MM
IR
EPub
HCI
Model Classroom of the 21st CenturyTechnology Showcase ATM Video Conf. Develop MM
New MediaCenter
Dig. Library & Archives
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ACITC Advanced Communications and Information Technology
Center, opening summer 2000 Connects to the library, with a focus on IT 1/3 high-tech (multimedia) classrooms 1/3 digital/electronic library (reading room) 1/3 research labs: 10, including:
– Digital Library Research Laboratory (DLRL)– Center for Applied Technologies in the Humanities– HCI; HPC; Multimedia; Visualization (CAVE), ...
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Digital Libraries --- Objectives
World Lit.: 24hr / 7day / from desktop Integrated “super” information systems: 5S: streams,
structures, spaces, scenarios, societies Ubiquitous, Higher Quality, Lower Cost Education, Knowledge Sharing, Discovery Disintermediation -> Collaboration Universities Reclaim Property Interactive Courseware, Student Works Scalable, Sustainable, Usable, Useful
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Computing (flops)Digital content
Com
mun
icat
ions
(ban
dwid
th, c
onne
ctiv
ity)
Locating Digital Libraries in Computing andCommunications Technology Space
Digital Libraries technologytrajectory: intellectualaccess to globally distributed information
less more
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D ig ita l L ib ra r y C o n te n t
A rtic le s ,R e p o rts,
B o o ks
T e xtD o cum e n ts
S p ee ch ,M u s ic
V id eoA u d io
(A e ria l)P h o tos
G e og rap h icIn fo rm ation
M o d e lsS im u la tio ns
S o ftw a re ,P ro g ra m s
N o te :A b ove is fo r
1 hu m ang e no m e.
G e no m e2 0 Tb ytes1 0x3 .5 B bp0 .5K b/bp
B ioIn fo rm ation
2 D , 3 D ,V R ,C A T
Im ag es a ndG ra p h ics
C o nte n tT yp e s
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DLs Shorten the Chain from
Editor
Publisher
A&I
Consolidator
Library
Reviewer
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DLs Shorten the Chain to
Editor
A&I
Digital
LibraryReviewer
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DLs Shorten the Chain to
Author
Reader
Digital
LibraryEditor
Reviewer
Teacher
Learner
Librarian
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OUTLINE Introduction Global digital libraries, for education Building digital libraries NDLTD
– Overview, History– Members, Collection– Support, Extensions
CSTC, CRIM Conclusion
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DLs: Why of Global Interest? National projects can preserve antiquities and heritage:
cultural, historical, linguistic, scholarly Knowledge and information are essential to economic and
technological growth, education DL - a domain for international collaboration
– wherein all can contribute and benefit
– which leverages investment in networking
– which provides useful content on Internet & WWW
– which will tie nations and peoples together more strongly and through deeper understanding
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NUDL
1/15/99 NUDL proposal to NSF under DLI2 international program– VT: Library, Grad School, Industrial&Systems Eng.– Partners: UK (2) , Singapore, Russia, Korea, Greece, Germany,
plus Iberoamerican group (Spain, Portugal, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico)
– Problems: Multilingual search, multimedia submissions, requirements/usability, …
Start with ETDs, then expand to other student works, portfolios, data sets, (CS) courseware, ...
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National Coverage (red/white)
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NUDL Partners
Ricardo A. Baeza-Yates, Universidad de Chile, Chile José Luis Brinquete Borbinha, Biblioteca Nacional, Portugal José Hilario Canós Cerdá, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain Stavros Christodoulakis, Technical University of Crete, Greece Lautaro Guerra Genskowsky, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa Maria,Chile Juan José Goldschtein, Univesidad de Belgrano, Argentina Peter Diepold, Humboldt University, Germany Francisco Javier Jaén Martinez, Spain Sung Hyon Myaeng, Chungnam National University, Korea Ana Maria Beltran Pavani, Prédio Cardeal Leme, Brazil Lim Ee Peng, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Alexander I. Plemnek, St.-Petersburg State Technical University, Russia J. Alfredo Sánchez, Universidad de las Américas-Puebla, Mexico
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OUTLINE Introduction Global digital libraries, for education Building digital libraries NDLTD
– Overview, History– Members, Collection– Support, Extensions
CSTC, CRIM Conclusion
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DL Challenges *
Preservation - so people with trust DLs Supporting infrastructure - networks, ... Scalability, sustainability, interoperability DL industry - critical mass by covering libraries,
archives, museums, corporate info, govt info, personal info - “quality WWW” integrating IR, HT, MM, ...– Need tools & methods to make them easier to build
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How to Build a Digital Library
Understand the problem (using the 5S
Framework)
Solve the problem (using the Star
Methodology)
– design, develop, evaluate,
– refine, operate
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5S Layers
Societies
Scenarios
Spaces
Structures
Streams
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Definition: Digital Libraries are complex systems that
help satisfy info needs of users (societies) provide info services (scenarios) organize info in usable ways (structures) present info in usable ways (spaces) communicate info with users (streams)
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Definition: 5S Framework Societies: interacting people (, computers) Scenarios: services, functions, operations, methods Spaces: domains + constraints (e.g., distance,
adjacency): 2D, vector, probability Structures: relations, trees, nodes and arcs Streams: sequences of items (text, audio, video,
network traffic) (5 Element System: Fire, Wood, Earth, Metal, Water)
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5S: Components
Societies: roles, rituals, reasons, relationships, artifacts Scenarios: acquire, index, consult, administer, preserve Spaces: physical, temporal, functional, presentational,
conceptual Structures: architectures, taxonomies, schema,
grammars, links, objects Streams: granularities, protocols, paths, flows,
turbulences
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5S: Combinations
Societies + Scenarios = user model Societies + Scenarios + Spaces = user
interface Streams + Structures = markup Streams + Structures + Scenarios = object Structures + Scenarios = DBMS
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Star Methodology
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Neill Kipp Dissertation
Training interested groups about 5S and the Star Methodology, refining the Framework to have solid mathematical foundation
Case studies of projects at Virginia Tech or involving VT staff/students: CSTC, NDLTD, NARA (National Archives, with SAIC), Lexis, ...
Open also to study DL projects elsewhere Focusing too on the design artifacts developed and related
issues of efficient description and representation (esp. with markup, hypermedia)
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OUTLINE Introduction Global digital libraries, for education Building digital libraries NDLTD
– Overview, History– Members, Collection– Support, Extensions
CSTC, CRIM Conclusion
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A Digital Library Case Study *Domain: graduate education,
researchGenre:ETDs=electronic
theses & dissertationsSubmission: http://etd.vt.eduCollection:
http://www.theses.org
Project: Networked Digital Library of Theses & Dissertations (NDLTD) www.ndltd.org
=> Open Archives
(by authors)
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Digital Libraries
SGML (1985)
PDF(1992)
NSF DLI (1994)
LibraryCancellations
(1988)
UniversityScholarlyElectronic
Pub. (1988)
Info.Literacy(1995)
ImprovingEducation Internet
(1984)
WWW(1994)
Multimedia(1986)
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Media
ETD Web Sitehttp://www.ndltd.org/
ETDs Got Your Interest?
Graduate Students
Singapore AMChronicle of Higher Ed.National Public RadioNY Times ...
U. Laval
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Key Ideas: Networked infrastructure
Scalability
Education is the rationale
University collaboration
Workflow, automation
Authors must submitMaximal access
PDF, SGML, MMStandards
Federated search
8th graders vs. grads
MARC, DC, URNs
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What led to today’s meeting? 1987 mtg in Ann Arbor: UMI, VT, … 1992 mtg in Washington: CNI, CGS, UMI, VT and 10
universities with 3 reps each 1993 mtg in Atlanta to start Monticello Electronic Library
(MEL): SURA, SOLINET 1994 mtg in Blacksburg re ETD project: std of PDF + SGML
+ multimedia objects 1996 funding by SURA, US Dept. of Education (FIPSE) for
regional, national projects 1997 meetings in UK, Germany, ...
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Aiding universities to enhance grad educ., publishing and IPR efforts
Helping improve the availability and content of theses and dissertations
Educating ALL future scholars so they can publish electronically and effectively use digital libraries (i.e., are Information Literate and can be more expressive)
What are we doing?
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What are the long term goals? 400K US students / year getting grad degrees are
exposed / involved 200K/yr rich hypermedia ETDs that may turn into
electronic portfolios Dramatic increase in knowledge sharing: lit.
reviews, bibliographies, … Services providing lifelong access for students:
browse, search, prior searches, citation links
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ETDs: Library Goals *Improve library services
–Better turn-around time –Always available
Reduce work –catalog from e-text –eliminate handling: mailing to UMI, bindery prep,
check-out, check-in, reshelving, etc.Save space
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NDLTD
Computer Resources
Research
Literature
Student Prepares Thesis or Dissertation
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Student Defends and Finalizes ETD
My Thesis
ETD
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Student Gets Committee Signatures and Submits ETD
Signed
Grad School
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Graduate School Approves ETD Student is Graduated
Ph.D.
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Library Catalogs ETD and New StudentsHave Access to the New Research
WWW
NDLTD
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Status of the Local Project Approved by university governance Spring
1996; required starting 1/1/97 Submission & access software in place Submission workshops for students (and
faculty) occur often: beginner/adv. Faculty training as part of Faculty
Development Initiative Over 2000 ETDs in collection
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Archiving ETDs *
Every 15 minutes back-ups made of not-yet-approved submissions
Hourly back-ups of newly approved ETDs
Weekly back-ups of entire ETD collection
Copies stored on-site and off-site
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VT ETD Cataloging * same as current cataloging policies, except:
– author-assigned keywords (not LCSH)– generic (not LC) call no.– fields/subfields as required for computer files– full abstracts
time savings– cataloger familiar with computer files– equipment, software for word processing– 5 minutes avg. (10-15 minutes for paper TDs)
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Library Costs * $12/vol. for paper thesis processing
– catalog, bind, security strip, label, shelve– @950 vols./yr. = $11,466
$3.20/vol. ETD processing– cataloging @950 vols./yr. = $3040
$.07/vol. shelving $.04/vol. circulation
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Costs/Savings at VT *
Graduate School stopped shipping to the library 3000 copies of paper TDs/year
Library stopped binding, shelving, and circulating 3000 copies of TDs/year
166 ft of shelf space saved/year by the library VT used existing equipment in Library (vs. start-up
costs for staff, hardware and software from from a zero-base estimate: $65,000 – see http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/)
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OUTLINE Introduction Global digital libraries, for education Building digital libraries NDLTD
– Overview, History– Members, Collection– Support, Extensions
CSTC, CRIM Conclusion
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Institutional Members
Coalition for Networked Information (CNI) Committee on Inst. Coop. (CIC - for Big 10) Diplomica.com Dissertation.com National Library of Portugal UNESCO Organization of American States (OAS) Ibero-American Science, Technology and Education Consortium
(ISTEC)
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US University Members * University of Hawaii, Manoa U. of Iowa U. of Maine U. of Oklahoma U. of South Florida U. of Tennessee, Knoxville U. of Tennessee, Memphis U. of Texas at Austin U. of Virginia U. Wisconsin - Madison Vanderbilt U. Virginia Commonwealth U. Virginia Tech - required since 1/97 West Virginia U. - required beginning fall 1998 Worcester Polytechnic Inst.
Air University (Alabama)Cal TechClemson UniversityCollege of William & MaryConcordia University (Illinois)East Tenn. State UniversityFlorida Institute of Tech.Florida International UniversityGeorge Washington UniversityMichigan TechMITNaval Postgraduate School (CA)North Carolina State U.Penn. State UniversityRochester Institute of Tech.U. of FloridaU. of Georgia
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Australian Project Members
U. New South Wales (lead institution)U. of MelbourneU. of QueenslandU. of SydneyAustralian National UniversityCurtin U. of TechnologyGriffith U.
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German Project Members
Humboldt University (lead institution)3 other universities5 learned societies1 computing center2 major libraries
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Other International MembersChinese University of Hong KongChungnam National U., Dept of CS (S. Korea)City University, London (UK)Darmstadt U. of Tech. (Germany)Free University of Berlin (Germany - Vet. Med.)Gyeongsang National U. (Korea)India Institute of Technology, Bombay (India)Nanyang Technological U. (Singapore, part)National U. of Singapore (Singapore, part)*National Library of PortugalPolytechnic University of Valencia (Spain)Rhodes U. (South Africa)St. Petersburg St. Tech.U (Russia)Univ. de las Américas Puebla (Mexico)U. Laval; U. of Guelph; U. Waterloo; Wilfrid Laurier U. (Canada)
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Usage of ETDs in VT Collections *1996 1997 1998 1999
Jan-Aug
Total
requests
37,171 247,537 465,974 907,104
Daily
Requests
102 685 1,722 3,121
Abstract
requests
25,829 112,633 177,647 143,056
Hosts
served
9,015 22,725 28,022 52,663
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Popular Works 1996458 Seevers, Gary L. Identification of Criteria for Delivery of Theological Education Through Distance Education: An International Delphi Study (Ph.D., Educational Research and Evaluation, April 1993; 1353Kb)
432 Hohauser, Robyn Lisa. The Social Construction of Technology: The Case of LSD (MS in Science and Technology Studies, Feb. 1995; 244Kb)
390 Childress, Vincent William. The Effects of Technology Education, Science, and Mathematics Integration Upon Eighth Grader's Technological Problem-Solving Ability (Ph.D. in Vocational and Technical Education, July 1994; 285Kb)
310 Kuhn, William B. Design of Integrated, Low Power, Radio Receivers in BiCMOS Technologies (Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering, Dec. 1995; 2Mb)
287 Sprague, Milo D. A High Performance DSP Based System Architecture for Motor Drive Control ( MS in Electrical Engineering, May 1993; 878Kb)
165 Wallace, Richard A. Regional Differences in the Treatment of Karl Marx by the Founders of American Academic Sociology (MS in Sociology, Nov. 1993; 479Kb)
150 McKeel, Scott Andrew. Numerical Simulation of the Transition Region in Hypersonic Flow (Ph.D. in Aerospace Engineering, Feb. 1996; 3Mb)
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Popular Works 19979920 Liu, Xiangdong. Analysis and Reduction of Moire Patterns in Scanned Halftone Pictures (Ph.D. in Computer Science, May 1996; 6.6Mb)
7656 Petrus, Paul. Novel Adaptive Array Algorithms and Their Impact on Cellular System Capacity (Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering, March 1997; 5Mb)
2781 Agnes, Gregory Stephen. Performance of Nonlinear Mechanical, Resonant-Shunted Piezoelectric, and Electronic Vibration Absorbers for Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Structures (Ph.D. in Engineering Mechanics, Sept. 1997; ? + 7926Kb)
2492 Gonzalez, Reinaldo J. Raman, Infrared, X-ray, and EELS Studies of Nanophase Titania (Ph.D. in Physics, July 1996; 4607Kb)
1877 Shih, Po-Jen. On-Line Consolidation of Thermoplastic Composites (Ph.D. in Engineering Mechanics, Feb. 1997; 3.3Mb)
1791 Saldanha, Kevin J. Performance Evaluation of DECT in Different Radio Environments (MS in Electrical Engineering, Aug. 1996; 3.2Mb)
1431 DeVaux, David. A Tutorial on Authorware (MS in CS, April 1996; 2.3Mb)
1394 Kuhn, William B. Design of Integrated, Low Power, Radio Receivers in BiCMOS Technologies (Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering, Dec. 1995; 2518Kb)
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Popular Works 1998
K-accesses Mbytes Degree Year Dept Tables/Figures Author
75, 12, PhD, 1997, ME, 38/174, Maillard 56, 6.5, PhD, 1996, CS, 8/93, Liu 20, 3.9, PhD, 1997, EE, 9/121, Laster 15, 4.9, PhD, 1997, CpE, 17/127, Tripathi 12, 6.6, MS, 1997, EE, 7/96, Nicoloso 6.7, 4.6, PhD, 1996, Physics, 8/62 (32 color),
Gonzalez
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International Use 1996 1997 1998 850 2992 8170 United Kingdom 608 2,501 4223 Australia 346 2378 7373 Germany 713 2367 3970 Canada 387 1264 2201 South Korea 463 1161 4431 France 250 725 2553 Italy 191 867 2781 Netherlands 183 1130 1449 Brazil 22 967 1089 Thailand 83 958 1414 Greece
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Who are sponsors / cooperators? Funding, Donations of hardware/software
– SURA– US Dept. of Education (FIPSE)– Adobe Systems– IBM– Microsoft– OCLC
Others Serving on Steering Committee– National/Regional Projects: Australia, French
speaking group, Germany, IberoAmerica (ISTEC), UK (UTOG)
– CGS, National Lib. Canada, NSF, OAS, SOLINET, UMI, UNESCO, ...
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How does this relate to UMI?
1987 UMI workshop to explore ETDs Support letter for US Dept. of Ed. proposal Steering and technical committee membership ProQuest Direct pilot of scanning works started
1/1/97, free 2 yr access to front part Collaborating on:
– accepting electronic author submissions– standards (e.g., representation), research
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ETD Initiative (and UMI)
StudentsLearn aboutDL, EPub
TDsbecome more
expressive
N. Amer. (T)Ds areaccessible, archived
Global TDsbecome more
accessible,archived
UMI
Universities
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User Search Support(multilingual, XML)
NDLTD W orld FederatedSearch
V irg in ia Tech ...(un iv)
U M I ...(corporate)
O hioL ink(lib / un iv group)
Portugese N L ...(national lib)
Austra lia(reg ional)
UserInterface
Note: All groups shown are connected with NDLTD.
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Interoperability Tests Planned IBM DL: donated equipment, technical support,
powerful IPR (see TOIS, D-Lib) Z39.50: OCLC SiteSearch / VT tailored s/w
– university libraries w. catalogs of freely shared MARC records pointing to archival copies
– via URNs: handles & PURLs Dienst / NCSTRL - www.ncstrl.org: CS depts.,
DARPA, NSF, CNRI, Cornell - UVA is working on extensions for ETDs - Portugal is studying use for Europe - VT is working on Dienst to Z39.50 gateway
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Access Approaches
Goal: Maximize access and services, e.g., by encouraging:
UMI centralized services Distributed service: Dienst, Z39.50 Regional services (e.g., OhioLink, AZ/NM) Local servers with browse, search
– From local catalogs to local archives WWW robot indexing and search services
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Why might a university want to be involved?
To improve graduate education / better prepare your students / increase their knowledge and visibility
To unlock university information To save money for students and for the
university / improve workflow To build an important digital library
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How can a university get involved?
Select planning/implementation team– Graduate School– Library– Computing / Information Technology– Institutional Research / Educ. Tech.
Send us letter, give us contact names Adapt Virginia Tech solution
– Build interest and consensus– Start trial / allow optional submission
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Convene Local Planning Group
ETD
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Build Local ETD Site
Digital Library
Policies
Inspection/Approval
Workshop/Training
ETD
ETD
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Type 1 Members University Requires ETDs
Adobe Acrobat and/or XML/SGML tools Automated submission & processing Archive/access through UMI, (OCLC,)
Virginia Tech, ... (Local) WWW site, publicity (Local) Assistance provided as requested:
email, phone, listserv(s)
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Type 2 Members University Agrees to Require ETDs
Like Type 1 but set date not reached Usually has an option or pilot May: wait for new AY; start with all who enter
after; … Build grass roots support
– Advisory committee: representative? expert?– Champions to spread by word of mouth– Approval: Senates, Commissions, Deans, Students– Publicity to reach community
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NDLTD Members, Types 3-7
3. Part of university requires ETDs4. University allows ETDs5. University investigating, has pilot6. University consortium joins:
– CIC (Big 10 coordinating body)7. Non-university organization joins
– CNI (Coalition for Networked Info.)
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OUTLINE Introduction Global digital libraries, for education Building digital libraries NDLTD
– Overview, History– Members, Collection– Support, Extensions
CSTC, CRIM Conclusion
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Support Services Developed
WWW site with > 300 Mb, CD, videotape Automated submission system (MySQL, UNIX,
WWW scripts - grad school/library) Student guidelines, style sheets, multimedia training
materials, FAQs, press info SGML and XML DTDs for ETDs SGML to HTML (web generator) LaTeX, Word templates, converters
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Accessibility Activities / Plans
Interface design (simple, 3D, VR) Usability studies Generic multi-lingual support Support for those with disabilities Hybrid collection (paper, MARC,
abstracts, full-text, multimedia) Disciplinary classifications, tools Visualization of results, collection
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SPIRE Visualization
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Envision Results Window *
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Repository of Digital Objects *
RepositoryAccessProtocol
handle
Digital object
terms and conditions
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Support Offered
Software, documentation, tech support Email, listservs ([email protected], -eval, -
grad, -library, -technical) Donations: Adobe, Microsoft Evaluation: instruments, analysis
http://scholar.lib.vt.edu - solutions/statistics (Temporary storage / archiving; aid - in setting up
an int’l service & archive)
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PetaPlex
Digital Library Machine (“super” object store)
Parallel computer / storage utility for scale of 1000 to 1,000,000 gigabytes (terabyte/petabyte)
Knowledge Systems Incorporated is supplying VT-PetaPlex-1 with
– high speed backbone connection (OC-12)
– 2.5 terabytes through 100 “Nanoservers”:
– Network connection + IBM 25GB disk + 233 MHz Pentium II + Linux
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PetaPlex Complex
FRONT END MACHINERS/6000, 1G RAM, 4 Proc.
Nanoserver
Nanoserver
Nanoserver
Nanoserver
Nanoserver
Nanoserver
Nanoserver
Nanoserver
Nanoserver
Nanoserver Nanoserver
Nanoserver
Nanoserver Nanoserver
Service
Machine 1
Service
Machine 2
Service
Machine 3
Service
Machine 4
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PetaPlex Service Machines
Small object server Large object server
– video on demand– streaming audio
Information retrieval server Proxy / cache server (e.g., 1 terabyte server
of 1000 worldwide for Comsat/Intelsat)
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PetaPlex Top View
4 ft.
side
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PetaPlex Side View
4 ft. wide
8 ft.
high
Roles:* Support* Cooling* Power
15
shelves
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PetaPlex Cost Goals, Approach Maximize number of seeks achievable Maximize % of cost invested in disks Maximize flexibility, composability, reliability Minimize cost per unit of storage
Approach “information utility” Increase throughput and reliability by replicating on other
PetaPlex systems Use robotics, wireless, and commodity production of
nanoservers
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Enhancements
Dublin Core spec, MARC crosswalk DTDs for SGML, XML(+ <discipline>ML) Annotation system (author, friends, notes) Routing system (based on Sift) Multilingual WWW site, training materials (Spanish
recently done in Valencia) Better federated search (w. Z39.50, planned with
Dienst and Harvest - maybe MARIAN)
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Relationship with publishers
Concern of faculty and students that still wish to publish books or journal articles, voiced: campus, Chronicle, NPR, Times
Solution: Approval Form gives students, faculty choices on access, when to change access condition; use IPR controls in DL
Solution: by case, work with publishers and publisher associations to increase access– AAP, AAUP– AAAS, ACM, ACS, Elsevier, ...
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Some responses from publishers
ACM: need to acknowledge copyright Elsevier: need to acknowledge copyright IEEE-CS: endorse initiative ACS: After first publication, can release Textbook publishers: different market,
manuscript significantly reworked General: restricting access to local campus will
not cause any problems
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For professional societies
Like “writing across the curriculum” Besides writing: computing/communications,
information literacy, personal digital library management, tool use, research methods, collaboration, archiving/preservation
Data sets, communities of users of them Classification systems / browsing / searching NRC’s “On becoming a researcher”
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OUTLINE Introduction Global digital libraries, for education Building digital libraries NDLTD
– Overview, History– Members, Collection– Support, Extensions
CSTC, CRIM Conclusion
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SMETE Library -> NSDL(from www.dlib.org)
Context: Global movement toward Digital Libraries (see April 1998 CACM)
NSF effort: Science, Mathematics, Engineering, and Technology Education Digital Library (focussed on undergraduates)– 3 workshops, yearly increasing funds / new calls
SMETE Library likely to operate as distributed federation, with separate parts for each key discipline, and to lead to a global effort
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MARIAN
Multiple Access Retrieval of Information with Annotations
(Marian the Librarian …) Evolved from CODER system to a distributed
Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC), then DL backend, now becoming a full DL system
From C/C++ to Java Future: NDLTD, NUDL, PetaPlex
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MARIAN Layers
Database Layer
Search Engine Layer
User Information Layer
User Interface Layer
User User User User
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ENVISION
NSF “A User-Centered Database from the Computer Science Literature” (1991-93)
Collected bib/typesetter data, converted to SGML Scanned thousands of page images MARIAN search engine - can be made available (also
applied to the Virginia Tech library catalog) used as part of a prototype object-based DL, with tailored visualization interface (L. Nowell dissertation)
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NSF Education Innovation (EI) NSF “Interactive Learning with a Digital Library in
Computer Science” (1993-98) 45 online courses (esp. Internet, IR, MM,
Professionalism, overall EI project pages): 100+K accesses/wk
Tools: SWAN (visualization), QUIZIT Evaluation
– traditional– network logging and analysis– tools for visualization
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Digital Library Courseware
http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~dlib/ WWW pages or large PDF copy files Online quizzes based on book by Michael Lesk
(Morgan Kaufmann Publishers) Contents based on book, with several other popular
topics added (e.g., agents) Separate pages to supplement: Definitions,
Resources (People, Projects), and References
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CS -> CSTC -> CRIM NSF and ACM Education Committee are funding a 2
year project “A Computer Science Teaching Center” - CSTC - http://www.cstc.org/
College of NJ, U. Ill. Springfield, Virginia Tech Focus initially on labs, visualization, multimedia Multimedia part is also supported by a 2nd grant to
Virginia Tech and The George Washington University: http://www.cstc.org/~crim/ (with curricular guidelines also under development)
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Browsing (1)
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Browsing (2)
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CS Teaching Center (CSTC) Instead of building large, expensive multimedia packages,
that become obsolete and are difficult to re-use, concentrate on small knowledge units.
Learners benefit from having well-crafted modules that have been reviewed and tested.
Use digital libraries to build a powerful base of support for learners, upon which a variety of courses, self-study tutorials & reference resources can be built. (See NSF SMETE-Lib Study at http://www.dlib.org/smete/public/smete-public.html)
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OUTLINE Introduction Global digital libraries, for education Building digital libraries NDLTD
– Overview, History– Members, Collection– Support, Extensions
CSTC, CRIM Conclusion
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Enhancing Learning with DLs
DigitalLibraries
In te rac tiveExperiences
E n hanc ingL earning
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N D L T DN e tw o rke d D L
o f Th e se s &D isse rta tio ns
S tu de n t P o rfo liosS e lf-A rch iv ing
G ra y L ite ra tu re(D e p t. o f E d u c .)
W 3 C W C AR e p o s ito ry
L o g s, T oo ls,P u b lica tio ns
C S T CC S
T e a ch ingC e n ter
C R IMC u rricu lu mR e so u rcesIn te r. M M
C o m p u terS c ie n ce
(w ith N S Fa n d A C M )
DigitalLibraries
In te rac tiveExperiences
E n hanc ingL earning
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Enhancing Learning with DLs
DigitalLibraries
A u tho ring(te x t, m arku p ,h yp erm ed ia ,
ca ta lo g in g -D C )
S u b m itt ingW o rk (E T D )(M eta da ta ,P D F , X M L)
P re serv ing(u s in g s td s,m ig ra tin g ,
ve rs ion in g)
A dd ing toD ig ita lL ib ra ry
(s tu de n t)
D isco ve rin g ,B ro w s in g ,S e a rch in g ,R e trie v ing
A nn o ta tin g ,D o w n lo ad in g ,
In s ta llin g ,F e e db a ck
5 S F ra m e w o rk:S o c ie tie s ,S ce na rio s,
S tre am s,S p ace s,S tru ctu res
U s in gD ig ita l L ib ra ry
(d ire c t)(in fo lite ra cy)
In d ire c tly U s ingD ig ita l L ib ra ry(e m b ed de d,b y ag en t, ...)
U s in g DLC o n ten ts (to o ls,d a ta se ts , en v 's,co u rse w a re , ...)
C o lla bo ra tion(in /a ro u nd D L
a n d its a rt ifa c ts -d is tan ce e du c .)
O th erIn te rac tiveL e arn ingA c tiv it ies
In te rac tiveExperiences
E n hanc ingL earning
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Future Work - 1 of 3 Working with publishers to increase level of access as
much as possible Interoperability tests among universities and with UMI
to provide integrated services Study with testbed that emerges, to improve
information retrieval, browsing, interface, and other types of user support
Evaluation, improving learning experience, spread to worldwide initiative, sustainable support and coordination
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Future Work - 2 of 3 Adding services currently prototyped
– annotation and SDI (routing) capabilities– Dublic Core metadata, crosswalk to MARC– support with IBM DL, OCLC SiteSearch
Adding other services planned– building and using citation database (w. SFX)– implementing plagiarism check (like “SCAM”)
Developing NUDL as a sustainable self governing global institution (w. committees)
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Future Work - 3 of 3 Working with ACM on a journal to supplement
CSTC Extending the human infrastructure for CSTC
– integrate demos etc. into submission process solicitation, review, improvement
– description (metadata), certification (quality)
– selection, adaptation, reuse
Publish an agreed-upon curriculum for IM
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Remember!
5S (to understand and build DLs)
NDLTD (join! support!)
NUDL (help establish)
CSTC, CRIM (add to, use) -> NSDL