Social Awareness
Carlos A. Sánchez03/04/2008
Agenda
CONCEPTS Historical Perspective 40,000 B.C.
BABBLE - LOOPS (IBM Social Computing Lab) Knowledge Management Application Social Translucence
AWARE (University of Aarhus – Denmark) Context Mediated Social Awareness in Mobile Cooperation –
Healthcare environment Java Awareness Context Framework – JACF
iSOCIALIZE (University of Aalborg – Denmark) Mobile Social Awareness amongst family and acquaintances Awareness Cues
Historical Perspective (I)
What is the percent genetic difference between humans an chimpanzees?
~ 1.23%
What is the percent critical difference?
0.01% to 0.02%
Which one is arguably the most critical difference?
Historical Perspective (II)
LANGUAGE : ~40,000 B.C.
CONVERSATION
Why is conversation important?
Synchronous Knowledge Transfer in a Social Space
What was missing?
Historical Perspective (III)
WRITING: ~ 4,000 B.C. - Cuneiform ~ 2,000 B.C. - Alphabetic Script
PERSISTENCE
What did persistence bring?
Asynchronous Knowledge Transfer
What was missing?
Historical Perspective (IV)
Printing Press: Johan Gutenberg, 1439
Mass Dissemination of Knowledge Standards : A book was the same everywhere
Who said what & when
What did the printing press bring?
Scientific Communities Industrial Revolution
What was missing?
Historical Perspective (V)
Linking computers
ARPANET X.25 - October 29th, 1969Internet TCP/IP - January 1st, 1983
Linking documents
WWW First Web Page August 6th ,1991
What did these added?Asynchronous and Synchronous Communications
Decoupling of Space and TimeInstantaneous Mass CoverageMultiple way Communications
What was missing?
Historical Perspective (VI)
Linking people : Web 2.0 - 2004
Chat rooms, collaborative filtering, mash-ups, podcasting, social navigation, social search, virtual communities,
sharing, blogs, wikis
What did Web 2.0 bring?
A Digital knowledge oriented environment where human social interactions create and share content using the
web as a platform.
What is missing?
Can we do better?
Concepts Review
Conversation, Persistence, Synchronous and Asynchronous Communications, Place decoupling, mass dissemination, who said what/when, multi-way communications, knowledge communities, and linking computers, documents and people.
What is used in IM systems? What is gained? What is lost?
Social Translucence
Babble & Loops
Social Translucence - Properties
Solid Door with “Please Open Slowly” Sign
vs. Glass Door
Visibility of Social Information Humans react faster to movement, faces and
figures than printed signs Awareness Support
I know you are in the other side. You know I’m here We both know the social rules
Accountability I know that you know that I know
Social Translucence : Translucent vs. Transparent
Power of Constraints: Private vs. Public Information
Social Translucence :Opaque Digital Systems
Digital Systems are generally opaque to social information
In the digital world we are socially blind
i.e. Waiting in Line at USPS vs.Waiting on-line for the IM tech
support at ebayWhat could be done? More on this
coming
Social Translucence - Babble
Knowledge Management SystemsCapture, Retrieval, Dissemination of and
organization’s internal information
Traditional ViewData Mining, Text clustering, database
documents
Social ViewProduction and use of knowledge is a social
phenomena
Social Translucence - Babble
Social View of Knowledge Management
Who has worked on a project? What have they done? Can we talk to them? How have they used existing knowledge? Social references for calls vs. database list
Information in databases is more useful if it provides links to enter social networks
Knowledge database vs. Knowledge Communities
Social Translucence - Babble
Conversationally Based Knowledge Community
Conversation is essential : Natural medium to create, develop and validate knowledge
Conversation is a deep interactive intellectual process
Conversation is a fundamental social process People speak to an audience People portray themselves through
conversation
Social Translucence - Conversation
Did I say that conversation is important?
Social Translucence – Digital Conversation
Digital Conversations PERSIST
Therefore
They can be synchronous or asynchronous
With an intimate or vast audienceCan be searched, browsed, replayed, annotated, visualized, restructured,
etc.
Social Translucence – Activity Support
Approaches to make Social Activity Visible
Realist i.e. Teleconferencing Problems: Scale, cost, social cues not well conveyed,
bandwidth, support Mimetic i.e.: Virtual Environments, Avatars
Problems: Scale, has to manipulate avatars to produce social cues, support
Abstract i.e.: Waiting on-line example next slide Less is more: easy to understand, implement and
maintain
Social Translucence Abstract Social Proxies
Social Translucence – BabbleKnowledge Management Community
Social Translucence – LOOPSWeb Interface
Social Translucence – LoopsBulletin Board
Social Translucence - Babble
Persistent textual representation of a conversation
Everybody knows that conversations are persistent and shared in a sequential structure
What are the challenges?
Social Translucence - Babble
Social Proxy of a Conversation
Social Translucence - Babble
Structure of a Knowledge Community
Social Translucence - Babble
Diachronic (Longitudinal) Proxies
The AWARE ArchitectureSupporting Context-Mediated social Awareness in Mobile Cooperation
AWARE Architecture
Context Aware Computing as facilitator of social awareness
CASE: Mobile Collaboration in a hospital environment
AWARE Architecture: Generic platform for supporting context mediated social awareness
JACT: Java Awareness Context Framework
AWARE Architecture: Operational Issues
Hospital buildings are large. People move around (not co-located).
Nurses spend large amount of times keeping track of physicians location and availability.
Interns need to consult frequently with senior doctors about patients.
Doctors in operating room frequently have to wait for test results before advancing. Meanwhile they perform other activities
Who to contact? When? How? Where?
AWARE Architecture:
Awareness in CSCW Goal is to minimize unwanted
interruptions through context-mediate social awareness
Interruptions 90% of brief conversations are
unplanned Only 55% of people who are interrupted
continue in the same activity Blocking calls is not an option in a
hospital 60% of phone calls fail to reach recipient
AWARE Architecture
Context-Mediated Social Awareness
In working settings people avoid interrupting each other when proper mechanisms are in place
Monitoring: The actor’s activity provide information to be monitored i.e. operating in room 103
Displaying: The actor selects what status information to be displayed i.e. at lunch.
AWARE Architecture
Awarephone requirements
Context-mediated social awareness via context cues.
Direct synchronous communications Exchange of prioritized messages by
placing virtual post-it notes on a co-worker.
AWARE Architecture
AWARE Architecture
Test Results Everybody liked the system People don’t like to provide location
information Don’t want to provide the ability to be
tracked i.e. length of the coffee breaks Cell phone is preferred to pagers
provides the ability for immediate communication
Preset messages is a desirable option
AWARE Architecture
AWARE Architecture - JACF
iSocialize
Investigating Awareness Cues for a Mobile Social Awareness Application
iSocialize
Goals of the Study
Understand the nature of social awareness between acquainted and closely related people
How technology as well as traditional methods of communication support awareness
iSocialize
Challenges
Participating families found it difficult to maintain and overview of activities of family and friends
Participants found it difficult to determine appropriate times to call or interrupt
Participants expressed concerns about sharing all kinds of information about them
iSocialize
Social Awareness Cues
Activity: Actions and whereabouts of partner
Status: Communication stateRelation : Defines the social
relation between partnersVicinity: Distance to partner – How
much effort contact requires
iSocialize
iSocialize
iSocialize
iSocialize
iSocialize
iSocialize
Evaluation
20 Subjects at Aalborg University - Denmark
Average age: 24 years old Five pairs acquainted – Five pairs
unacquainted Video recorded sessions: two
participants per session Wizard of Oz evaluation
iSocialize
Findings: Imprecise Awareness Cues: People don’t
want to provide exact location Awareness Cues Integration Challenges
Privacy Concerns i.e. location vs. activity Difficult to Maintain a mental model of
contacts Changes and updates of awareness cues Awareness cues requires previous social
construct
That’s all Folks
Thank you!