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Careers in Nursing
Chapter 14 Medical Careers
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Key Terms• Advocate: – one who represents the needs of the client
• Long-Term care facility:– Nursing home
• Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA):– Long term care facilities wanting Medicare or
Medicaid funding are to provide services so that each resident can “attain and maintain her highest practicable physical, mental, and psychosocial well-being.”
– creates a set of national minimum set of standards of care and rights for people living in certified nursing facilities.
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Licensed vs Unlicensed Nursing Personal
• Unlicensed personnel: able to perform basic nursing tasks after specific training
• Licensed personnel: take post-secondary education, must pass a licensing test, held accountable for actions through standards set by the state agency
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Importance of Unlicensed Nursing Personnel
• Due to the rapidly rising cost of health care, there needs to be a more cost effective way of delivering health care
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Four levels of unlicensed nursing personnel
• Certified Nursing Assistant– Performs basic health care task, ie: Activities of
Daily Living (ADLs)– Works under the supervision of licensed
personnel
• Home Health Aide:– Works with clients in the home – Assists with medications, cleaning, laundry,
shopping, transportation, ADLs
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Educational Requirements of Nursing Personnel
• Certified Nursing Assistant:– 75 hours of training, completion of a manual and
written test
• Home Health Aide: – on-the-job training in most states… some states
require formal training– If assisting with medication federal government
suggests 75 hours of training (med aide)
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• Dialysis Technician:– Operates the kidney
dialysis machine
• Surgical Technician:– Operating room assistants– Perform sterilization procedures,
know order of surgical tools needed during surgery, prepares clients for surgery, checks vital signs
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• Dialysis Technician– Often nursing personnel are trained in this area– 16 to 18 weeks of training for lay person
• Surgical Technician– 9 to 24 month program of training at an
accredited program
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Three Levels of Licensed Nursing Personnel
• Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN):– Take vital signs, do treatment procedures,
administer medication, care of dressings, catheter insertion and care, assessments, assist in L & D, education of client
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Three Levels of Licensed Nursing Personnel
• Registered Nurse (RN):– Provides holistic health care, may work
independently or in a team, responsibilities range from basic care to administrative positions, a client Advocate
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• Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN):– 1 to 2 years of education, must pass a licensing
exam
• Registered Nurse (RN): – 2 to 4 years of education, must pass a licensing
exam
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• Advanced Practice Nurse:– RN who successfully
completes additional training requirements
– Works under the supervision of a physician
– Able to diagnose (dx) and treat (tx) common ailments
– Nurse Practitioners (NP) able to prescribe medication
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• Advanced Practice Nurse: – 4 years of nursing education (Bachelors degree)
plus one to two years of graduate-level education
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REMEMBER!!!
• Primary responsibility of the Registered Nurse is to be a patient ADVOCATE!
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Job Opportunities for Nursing
• Industrial Health
Office Nursing
Long-term Care FacilitiesHospital Nursing
Home Health Nursing
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Job Opportunities for Nursing
School Nursing
Traveling Nurse
Research Nursing Nurse Educator
Flight Nurse
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Job Opportunities for Nursing
Health Administration Psych Nursing
Forensic NursingNurse Supervisor
Legal Nursing
Nurse Missionaries
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Advanced Practice Nursing
• RN who successfully completes additional training requirements and obtain an advanced practice certification or degree
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Three Types of Advanced Practice Nurses
• Clinical Nurse Specialist:– Specializes in specific nursing areas• Obstetrics• Med-Surg• Pediatrics
– Nurse Anesthetist• Trained in the use of anesthetics
– Certified Nurse-Midwife• Trained in the care of the pregnant woman, assists with
the delivery of babies
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• Nurse Practitioner– see patients of all ages– treat both physical and mental conditions – physical exams– order tests and therapies – Prescribe medication– Work under the supervision of a physician
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Nursing Shortage• Average age of Nurses is 45 to 48 years• Large majority retiring in the next 12 years• Not enough people going into nursing field to cover the
nurses leaving• Baby-Boomers are getting older and needed more care
• Therefore a BIG nursing shortage!!!!!!