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Carbon Cycle
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Carbon
Carbon exists in the nonliving environment as:
• Carbon dioxide (CO2)
• Carbonic acid ( HCO3−)
• Carbonate rocks (limestone and coral = CaCO3)
• Deposits of Fossil fuels
• Dead organic matter
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Organic Carbon
• Hydrocarbons: CH4
• Carbohydrate: CH2O
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Inorganic carbon
• Carbon Dioxide: CO2
• Calcium Carbonate: CaCO3
Mandale Limestone Quarry
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Carbon reservoirs
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Carbon reservoirs
•The atmosphere. •The biosphere (include fresh water systems and non-living
organic material, such as soil carbon).
•The oceans ( including dissolved inorganic carbon and
living and non-living marine biota).
•The lithosphere (sediments, Earth core including fossil fuels).
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Carbon is released into the atmosphere in several ways
• Respiration by plants and animals.
• Decay of animal and plant matter.
• Combustion of organic material
• Production of cement.
• The ocean releases CO2 into the atmosphere. • Volcanic eruptions and metamorphism
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Carbon is taken from the atmosphere in several ways
• Photosynthesis.
• The oceans when the seawater becomes cooler, more CO2 dissolve and become carbonic acid.
• In the upper ocean areas organisms convert reduced carbon to tissues, or carbonates.
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Photosynthesis
• CO2 + H2O + sunlight CH2O + O2
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Respiration
• CH2O + O2 CO2 + H2O + energy
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O
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Combustion or Oxidization of hydrocarbon
CH4 + 2 O2 CO2 + 2 H2O + energy
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Human Impacts on the Carbon Cycle
Burning fossil fuels have serious impact on the carbon cycle.
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Fossil Fuel
86% of global primary energy consumption is
fossil fuels.
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Fossil Fuels
•Petroleum
•Natural Gas
•Coal
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CO2 Concentration
Pre-Industrial value: 280 ppm (600 billion tons) Current value: 380 ppm (800 billion tons) Critical value: 560 ppm (1200 billion tons)