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A Case of Ocular Histiocytosis in a Bernese Mountain dog
David W Gardiner DVM MS DACVP
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HISTORY
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SIGNALMENT
• 3 yr old F Bernese Mtn Dog • West Virginia
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HISTOPATHOLOGY-LOW MAG
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HISTOPATHOLOGY-EPISCLERAL REGION
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HISTOPATHOLOGY-ANGIOCENTRICITY
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HISTOPATHOLOGY-TRANSCLERAL INFILTRATION
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HISTOPATHOLOGY-INTRAOCULAR REGION
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HISTOCHEMICAL STAINS
NOTHING FOUND
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IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY-CD3
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IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY-CD79a
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IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY-CD18
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MORPHOLOGIC DIAGNOSIS
• OS: Ocular histiocytosis • Likely manifestation of systemic histiocytosis • Felt that cellular pleomorphism was not
sufficient to indicate histiocytic sarcoma • Dog never returned to clinic after
exenteration—lost to follow up
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OCULAR INVOLVEMENT IN HISTIOCYTIC PROLIFERATIVE DIEASES
• Canine cutaneous histiocytoma • Canine reactive cutaneous and systemic histiocytosis
• Cutaneous—many breads • Systemic: Bernese Mtn Dogs, Rottweilers, Golden
Retrievers, Labrador Retrievers, Irish Wolfhounds • Canine histiocytic sarcoma
• Localized • Disseminated (malignant histiocytosis) • Bernese Mtn Dogs, Rottweilers, Flat Coated
Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, Labs
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CANINE CUTANEOUS HISTIOCYTOMA
• OCULAR INVOLVEMENT? • YES
• Eyelid, rarely conjunctiva • Veterinary Ocular Pathology a comparative review (CH 7 pg
150) 38 cases • Vet Med Small Anim Clin. 1975 Mar;70(3):305 Histiocytoma of
the eyelid of a dog Gelatt KN.
• Does the cornea have Langerhans cells? • YES (at least in humans)
• J Leukoc Biol. 2003 Aug;74(2):172-8. Corneal immunity is mediated by heterogeneous population of antigen-presenting cells.
• Has anyone ever seen a corneal histiocytoma?
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CANINE REACTIVE CUTANEOUS AND SYSTEMIC HISTIOCYTOSIS
• Ocular involvement? • Yes for systemic histiocytosis • Veterinary Ocular Pathology a comparative review
• Orbital: 7 cases (Ch 6) • Eyelids and conjunctiva: 18 cases (Ch 7) • Uvea: 19 cases (Ch 9)
• Vet Pathol. 1984 Nov;21(6):554-63. Systemic histiocytosis of Bernese mountain dogs • 1/6 dogs (only 4 necropsied; sclera, conjunctiva, retroorbital fat)
• J Small Anim Pract 1995 36, 233-236. Systemic Histiocytosis in the Bernese mountain dog • 5/6 dogs had ocular disease
• J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1992 Oct 15;201(8):1229-32. Ocular manifestation of systemic histiocytosis in a dog. • Intra and extra ocular involvement
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CANINE HISTIOCYTIC SARCOMA
• Ocular involvement? • Localized: not reported • Disseminated: yes
• Veterinary Ocular Pathology a comparative review • 54 cases (Ch 9) (no Bernese mtn dogs)
• Vet Pathol. 1986 Jan;23(1):1-10. Malignant histiocytosis of Bernese mountain dogs.
• 1/13 dogs (only 11 necropsied) • JAVMA Vol 188 (9) 1041-1045.1986. Malignant histiocytosis in Bernese Mountain Dogs
• 1/11 dogs • Vet Pathol. 2002 Jan;39(1):74-83. Localized and disseminated histiocytic sarcoma of dendritic cell origin in dogs.
• 0/19 cases of localized histiocytic sarcoma • 0/20 cases of disseminated histiocytic sarcoma
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CONCLUSIONS
• Immunohistochemistry is helpful in making the diagnosis (CD18 positive, negative for other markers)
• Vet Ophthalmol. 2007 May-Jun;10(3):179-85.Canine ocular histiocytic sarcoma. Naranjo C, Dubielzig RR, Friedrichs KR.
• Bernese Mountain Dogs • Ocular involvement frequent in systemic histiocytosis • Ocular involvement rare in disseminated histiocytic
sarcoma?
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
• Dr Jamie Bush • Dr David Getzy
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QUESTIONS?