![Page 1: Cancer First-second most common cause of death in Western world One in 2-3 Western people will die of cancer](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012918/5542eb77497959361e8e10df/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cancer
• First-second most common cause of death in Western world
• One in 2-3 Western people will die of cancer
![Page 2: Cancer First-second most common cause of death in Western world One in 2-3 Western people will die of cancer](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012918/5542eb77497959361e8e10df/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
lezione del dr Cirò
![Page 3: Cancer First-second most common cause of death in Western world One in 2-3 Western people will die of cancer](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012918/5542eb77497959361e8e10df/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
lezione del dr Cirò
clonal
![Page 4: Cancer First-second most common cause of death in Western world One in 2-3 Western people will die of cancer](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012918/5542eb77497959361e8e10df/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Neoplastic progression
• Benign or malignant neoplasms can acquire increasingly aggressive features
• Most malignant neoplasms arise de novo
• Neoplasms are thought to be preceded by preneoplastic conditions
![Page 5: Cancer First-second most common cause of death in Western world One in 2-3 Western people will die of cancer](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012918/5542eb77497959361e8e10df/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Metaplasia
an adaptive substitution of one type of adult tissue to another type of adult tissue
under stress a more vulnerable type of tissue will be replaced by another more capable of withstanding stress
![Page 6: Cancer First-second most common cause of death in Western world One in 2-3 Western people will die of cancer](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012918/5542eb77497959361e8e10df/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Dysplasia
An abnormality in cell size, appearance, with or without a disorganized growth pattern
![Page 7: Cancer First-second most common cause of death in Western world One in 2-3 Western people will die of cancer](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012918/5542eb77497959361e8e10df/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
NeoplasiaA disease of cells characterized by alteration of normalA disease of cells characterized by alteration of normal growth regulatory mechanismsgrowth regulatory mechanisms
![Page 8: Cancer First-second most common cause of death in Western world One in 2-3 Western people will die of cancer](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012918/5542eb77497959361e8e10df/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Classification-approach
Terminology which is used to describe a mass is based on the clinical, gross and microscopic features-which in combination are a reflection of the predicted/expected biologic behavior
BenignBenign MalignantMalignant??
![Page 9: Cancer First-second most common cause of death in Western world One in 2-3 Western people will die of cancer](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012918/5542eb77497959361e8e10df/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Invasion and Metastasis
• Characteristics that are unique to malignant neoplasms (cancer)
• The major cause of morbidity and mortality
![Page 10: Cancer First-second most common cause of death in Western world One in 2-3 Western people will die of cancer](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012918/5542eb77497959361e8e10df/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Cancer Grade• Alternate term “tumor grade” (G0-G3)
• Based on microscopic features (cytology or histology)
low grade moderate high
![Page 11: Cancer First-second most common cause of death in Western world One in 2-3 Western people will die of cancer](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012918/5542eb77497959361e8e10df/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Cancer Stage• Reflects degree of spread, for an individual cancer
patient• Assigned at the time of diagnosis, may be updated
as patient progressesT Tumor characteristics
N Nodal involvement
M Metastasis
![Page 12: Cancer First-second most common cause of death in Western world One in 2-3 Western people will die of cancer](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012918/5542eb77497959361e8e10df/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Epidemiologia dei tumori
![Page 13: Cancer First-second most common cause of death in Western world One in 2-3 Western people will die of cancer](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012918/5542eb77497959361e8e10df/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Cancer First-second most common cause of death in Western world One in 2-3 Western people will die of cancer](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012918/5542eb77497959361e8e10df/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Cancer First-second most common cause of death in Western world One in 2-3 Western people will die of cancer](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012918/5542eb77497959361e8e10df/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Cancer First-second most common cause of death in Western world One in 2-3 Western people will die of cancer](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012918/5542eb77497959361e8e10df/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Cancer First-second most common cause of death in Western world One in 2-3 Western people will die of cancer](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012918/5542eb77497959361e8e10df/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Cancer First-second most common cause of death in Western world One in 2-3 Western people will die of cancer](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012918/5542eb77497959361e8e10df/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Il cancro è una malattia genetica
La componente “ambientale” gioca però un ruolo fondamentale:
Sociologia dei tumori
![Page 19: Cancer First-second most common cause of death in Western world One in 2-3 Western people will die of cancer](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012918/5542eb77497959361e8e10df/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Cancer First-second most common cause of death in Western world One in 2-3 Western people will die of cancer](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012918/5542eb77497959361e8e10df/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Cancer First-second most common cause of death in Western world One in 2-3 Western people will die of cancer](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012918/5542eb77497959361e8e10df/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Cancer First-second most common cause of death in Western world One in 2-3 Western people will die of cancer](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012918/5542eb77497959361e8e10df/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Ereditá dei tumori
• Una componente ereditaria é piú o meno facilmente identificable sia per la predisposizione, che per la insorgenza di diversi tipi di tumori;
• Tumori ereditari: retinoblastoma, adenomatosi familiare del colon, piccola frazione dei tumori mammari/ovarici
• Tumori familiari: manifestazione familiare di tumori esistenti anche in forma sporadica
• Sindromi da difetti nel sistema di riparazione del DNA