CA IDMS™ Modernization Series, part 2: Table Procedures and CA IDMS™ SQL Quick Bridge
August 5, 2008
Cal J. Domingue
2 August 5, 2008 CA IDMS™ Modernization Series:Table Procedures and CA IDMS™ SQL QuickBridge Copyright © 2008 CA
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This presentation was based on current information and resource allocations as of August 5, 2008 and is subject to change or withdrawal by CA at any time without notice. Notwithstanding anything in this presentation to the contrary, this presentation shall not serve to (i) affect the rights and/or obligations of CA or its licensees under any existing or future written license agreement or services agreement relating to any CA software product; or (ii) amend any product documentation or specifications for any CA software product. The development, release and timing of any features or functionality described in this presentation remain at CA’s sole discretion. Notwithstanding anything in this presentation to the contrary, upon the general availability of any future CA product release referenced in this presentation, CA will make such release available (i) for sale to new licensees of such product; and (ii) to existing licensees of such product on a when and if-available basis as part of CA maintenance and support, and in the form of a regularly scheduled major product release. Such releases may be made available to current licensees of such product who are current subscribers to CA maintenance and support on a when and if-available basis. In the event of a conflict between the terms of this paragraph and any other information contained in this presentation, the terms of this paragraph shall govern.
3 August 5, 2008 CA IDMS™ Modernization Series:Table Procedures and CA IDMS™ SQL QuickBridge Copyright © 2008 CA
Legal
Certain information in this presentation may outline CA’s general product direction. All information in this presentation is for your informational purposes only and may not be incorporated into any contract. CA assumes no responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the information. To the extent permitted by applicable law, CA provides this document “as is” without warranty of any kind, including without limitation, any implied warranties or merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or non-infringement. In no event will CA be liable for any loss or damage, direct or indirect, from the use of this document, including, without limitation, lost profits, lost investment, business interruption, goodwill, or lost data, even if CA is expressly advised of the possibility of such damages.
4 August 5, 2008 CA IDMS™ Modernization Series:Table Procedures and CA IDMS™ SQL QuickBridge Copyright © 2008 CA
Abstract
> CA IDMSTM SQL allows you to access CA IDMSTM databases directly with SQL DML, regardless of whether the databases were originally defined as SQL or network data. For certain database structures or application needs, utilizing routines may make your implementation more efficient and robust; in rare cases they may be required. Part 1 of this 3-part series covered an overview of routines: table procedures, procedures, called procedures, and functions. The series continues in this webcast by exploring table procedures in depth, with details on how to design, code, and deploy them. It will also address how to use CA IDMSTM SQL Quick Bridge to create table procedures, including a live demo of the product.
5 August 5, 2008 CA IDMS™ Modernization Series:Table Procedures and CA IDMS™ SQL QuickBridge Copyright © 2008 CA
Agenda
> Business Value of CA IDMS Modernization and SOA
> SQL routines Review
How table procedures compare to other routines
> Table procedures: structure and coding
> Table procedures: run-time
> CA IDMSTM SQL Quick Bridge
> Session Summary
Business Value of
CA IDMS Modernization and SOA
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CA IDMS Business Value:Modernization and SOA
> Access CA IDMS mainframe assets
Databases and business logic
Enable Web access, Web services, SOA participation
> Use standard APIs with CA IDMS SQL, CA IDMS Server
SQL, JDBC, ODBC, .NET, Web services …
Partner solutions
> Provide business value benefits
Use current developer skills
Preserve existing data and applications
Deploy on modern platforms: J2EE, .NET
Tie CA IDMS assets into modern enterprise architecture
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SOA
Web and Application Servers
Modern Application Architecture
Internet
CA IDMS™Server
CA IDMS data and business logic
Web Applications
SQL Routines: Review
How Table Procedures Compare To Other Routines
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What is a Routine?
Think PIP
A routine is a user-written Program or dialog which is Invoked directly by the SQL engine when the routine is referenced in SQL DML; the call is managed by PParameters specified either as part of the definition or as part of a standard set of arguments included in the call.
Implications Involves user-written code, must be tested and optimized Code must be written to interface successfully with engine Parameter values have great impact
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CA IDMS Routines
> Invoked by SQL engine when referenced in SQL DML Definition specifies external routine name
Parameters passed and returned
Routine performs I/O and/or processing
Possible iterations for table procedure
> Three types of SQL routines Table procedure
Procedure
Function
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Types of Routines
Type Invoked via reference
#Rows Returned
#Rows Updated
ADS?
SQL Proc Code
Table Procedure
Datasource in SQL DML
0-many; controlled by code
0-many; controlled by code
No No
Procedure Datasource in SQL DML, Call
0-1 0-many OK SQL procedure
Function Expression in SQL DML
n/a: value n/a OK SQL function
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When To Use Table Procedures?
Value or
Row(s)?
SQLFunction
MultipleRows
?
Use SQLCode
?
Table Procedure
SQLProcedure
Called Procedure
Rows No No
Yes Yes
Use SQLCode
?
Yes
CalledFunction
No
Value
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When to Use Table Procedures
> When SQL access to data is required
> When direct SQL DML access does not meet needs
> When views do not meet needs to simplify complex SQL DML
> Analyze performance requirements Highly variable cardinality and statistics Sophisticated security, i.e. row level, external dependencies Reduce client/server communication
> To standardize common complex processes
> Not required for SQL access to some network structures Fixed occurs elements Update/Delete rows where no foreign key defined (ROWID)
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When to Use Table Procedures (cont.)
> Required for SQL access to some network database structures
Bill of Material
Occurs depending on elements
Multi-member sets
Insert rows in sets and no foreign keys defined
Structures requiring special, complex processing (REDEFINES)
Within a single SQL transaction
– Transparently consolidate data from different databases
– Access segmented databases
Access remote data (distributed across nodes)
Table Procedures
Structure and Coding
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Implement Table Procedure: CrEATE
>Create statement: define table procedure in catalog
>Write the routine COBOL, Assembler, PL/I SQL DML, network DML, neither, or both Must create access module if using SQL DML
>Enable security
>Add program definition to system (DC/UCF)
>Test and debug
>Efficiency check: optimize & tune
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Create Statement: Define In The Catalog
> Schema and name
> External name: associates table procedure with load module
> Parameters: Name, SQL data type, optional default
> Language: Assembler, COBOL, PL/I
> Protocol IDMS
> Local and global work areas
> Default database current
> Other attributes: estimates, system/user mode, etc.
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Create Table Procedure: Example
CREATE TABLE PROCEDURE DEMOEMPL.TBLPROC
( E_ID UNSIGNED NUMERIC(4),
E_NAME CHARACTER(25),
E_ADDRESS CHARACTER(46) )
EXTERNAL NAME TPROCPGM
ESTIMATED ROWS 1000
ESTIMATED IOS 100
USER MODE
LOCAL WORK AREA 800
GLOBAL WORK AREA 1200 KEY SHR1
TRANSACTION SHARING DEFAULT
DEFAULT DATABASE CURRENT
TIMESTAMP ;
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Create: Options on r16 & higher
> Default database option Enables database name inheritance
Procedure inherits dbname of session
> Transaction sharing option Can share session locks
Eliminates deadlocks
> Synchronization timestamp Defaults to current day/time
Migrating to another environment
Force recompilation of access modules
Force renewal of statements in cache
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Write The Table Procedure
> CA IDMSTM SQL Quick Bridge Generates COBOL source, SQL DDL, Sysgen Program COBOL code can be modified if necessary
> Interface successfully with SQL engine Highly structured code and storage layout
> Parameter-driven (input and output) One for each parameter specified in the definition One null indicator for each parameter in the definition Common arguments Language-specific description must match SQL data type
> COBOL protocol BATCH for maximum portability
> Existing code possible to include within structured code
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Write The Table Procedure (cont.)
> Storage layout essential to communicate with SQL engine
> Code must test input parameters Perform appropriate code based on values Determine flow of control within sections
> Code must set output parameters SQLSTATE is required, controls when iteration is stopped
– 00000 -- Indicates success
– 01Hxx -- Indicates a warning
– 02000 -- Indicates no more rows
– 38xxx -- Indicates an error
Values, indicators (0, -1) required to return row Customized error messages optional
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Write The Table Procedure: Work Areas
> Linkage Section in COBOL
> Local work area – can’t exceed size in definition Separate area for each scan
Preserved over calls within scan (DML)
Database position, input parameters, etc
> Global work area– can’t exceed size in definition Shared by procedures and scans in transaction
Subschema control
Has an associated key
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Write The Table Procedure: Work Areas
> COBOL working storage contents not retained across calls
> Values on first request for a scan might have been altered in prior request
> Working-storage section allocation and initialization varies Local mode vs. within the DC/UCF address space
Concurrent scans are being processed
> Use working storage only for: Constants the SQL routine will never change
Variables initialized and used within single call to program
> Other variables must be defined in local or global work area
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Write: Common Arguments
77 RESULT-IND PIC S9(4) USAGE COMP SYNC.
01 SQLSTATE. 02 SQLSTATE-CLASS PIC XX. 02 SQLSTATE-SUBCLASS PIC XXX. 77 PROCEDURE-NAME PIC X(18). 77 SPECIFIC-NAME PIC X(8). 77 MESSAGE-TEXT PIC X(80). 01 SQL-COMMAND-CODE PIC S9(8) USAGE COMP
SYNC. 01 SQL-OP-CODE PIC S9(8) USAGE COMP
SYNC. 88 SQL-OPEN-SCAN VALUE +12. 88 SQL-NEXT-ROW VALUE +16. 88 SQL-CLOSE-SCAN VALUE +20. 88 SQL-SUSPEND-SCAN VALUE +24. 88 SQL-RESUME-SCAN VALUE +28. 88 SQL-INSERT-ROW VALUE +32. 88 SQL-DELETE-ROW VALUE +36. 88 SQL-UPDATE-ROW VALUE +40. 01 INSTANCE-ID PIC S9(8) USAGE COMP
SYNC.
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Write: Linkage Section Example LINKAGE SECTION. 77 E-ID PIC 9(4). 77 E-NAME PIC X(25). 77 E-ADDRESS PIC X(46). 77 E-ID-I PIC S9(4) COMP SYNC. 77 E-NAME-I PIC S9(4) COMP SYNC. 77 E-ADDRESS-I PIC S9(4) COMP SYNC. 77 RESULT-IND PIC S9(4) COMP SYNC. 77 SQLSTATE PIC X(5). 77 PROCEDURE-NAME PIC X(18). 77 SPECIFIC-NAME PIC X(8). 77 MESSAGE-TEXT PIC X(80). 01 SQL-COMMAND-CODE PIC S9(8) COMP SYNC. 01 SQL-OP-CODE PIC S9(8) COMP SYNC. 88 OPEN-SCAN VALUE +12. 88 NEXT-ROW VALUE +16. 88 CLOSE-SCAN VALUE +20. 88 SUSPEND-SCAN VALUE +24. 88 RESUME-SCAN VALUE +28. 01 INSTANCE-ID PIC S9(8) COMP SYNC. 01 LOCAL-WORK-AREA. 02 NEXT-ROW-FLAG PIC X. 88 GET-NEXT-ROW VALUE '1'. 02 ACCESS-FLAG PIC X.
88 GET-CALC VALUE '1'. 88 CALC-DONE VALUE '2'.
02 WK-EMP-ID PIC 9(4). 01 GLOBAL-WORK-AREA. 02 COPY IDMS SUBSCHEMA-CTRL. 02 COPY IDMS SUBSCHEMA-CTRL. 02 COPY IDMS RECORD EMPLOYEE. 02 COPY IDMS RECORD DEPARTMENT. 02 COPY IDMS RECORD OFFICE.
Parameters and null indicators
Common Arguments
Global Work Area
Local Work Area
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Enable Security
> Security identical to a table Grant and revoke
SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, DEFINE privileges
To create
– Own the schema in which the table procedure is
– Hold the CREATE privilege on table procedure
To invoke, either own or hold privilege for verb
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Add Program Definition to System
> Required when executing in CA IDMS Central Version
> Example
ADD PROGRAM CAAVLREC
DUMP THRESHOLD IS 0
ERROR THRESHOLD IS 5
ISA SIZE IS 0
LANGUAGE IS COBOL .
> Before sysgen cycle, use dynamic definition for testing
DCMT VARY DYN PRO CAAVLREC COBOL .
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Test and Debug Routines
> DISPLAY commands in COBOL, PL/I to print to file (LE/370) Automatically generated by CA IDMS SQL Quick Bridge
> Reference in local mode DML to trace path through logic SYSIDMS parameters
– DMLTRACE=ON
– SQLTRACE=ON
– PROCTRACE=ON (with either above)
“DEBUG” COBOL statements (compile with DEBUG option)
> CV mode testing CA IDMSTM Performance Monitor or other monitor for statistics WRITE TO LOG or SNAP commands for trace, data structures DISPLAY commands to trace logic path, show values
> Evaluate logical results
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Efficiency: Statistics and Optimization
> Code efficiency only concern if routine is sole data source
> Statistics provided manually (only) Table procedure definition, key definition
ESTIMATED ROWS
ESTIMATED IOS
Lower values encourage execution of table procedure first
> Very useful in joins with other data sources
> Verify access path with EXPLAIN
> Test thoroughly
> Document extensively
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Efficiency: Keys
> Define with CREATE KEY statement> Specifying key columns
KEY estimated values override routine values if all KEY elements specified
Influences join strategy Statistics for KEY used in optimization Using a key in join operations
– Specify in “WHERE” clause– Encourage use by specifying low value for statistics
CREATE KEY EMP1 ON DEMOEMPL.TBLPROC(E_ID)
ESTIMATED ROWS 1 ESTIMATED IOS 1;
Table Procedures
Run-Time
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Invoking a Table Procedure
> SQL DML statements Reference in FROM, like view or table Use in any DML statement
> Program DML independent of SQL DML
> Parameter values passed dependent on type of DML
> Possible to use a CALL statement For CA IDMSTM Server 5.0, from JDBC procedure call For CA IDMSTM Server r16, from ODBC procedure call
> “Where” filters output from table procedure Not required; no “where” returns all occurrences
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Table Procedure
> Called iteratively, returns 0 to many rows Invoked repetitively
Must return SQLSTATE=02000 or 38nnn to stop invocations
Next call determined based on SQLSTATE of previous call
Results rows determined by values returned and WHERE
> Runs as subroutine called by SQL engine Highly structured program code
Formalized Linkage Section
Matching PROCEDURE DIVISION USING
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Interpret Parameters: Command Code
> First thing to check in the program code
> SQL-OP-CODE element in common arguments
> Indicates type of SQL DML for which the call is issued SELECT
FETCH
INSERT
Etc.
> Based on value, code must perform appropriate sections
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Interpret Parameters: Operation Code
> Queries: Open, Next Row, Close operation codes
> Open Allocate resources
Retrieve the values of input parameters
Perform processing needed to get ready to retrieve the rows
> Next Row Retrieve and return the database row
> Close Release resources
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Translating DML to Table Procedure Calls
SQL DML Open Scan
Next Row
Delete Row
Update Row
Close Scan
Insert Row
Suspend Scan
Resume Scan
SELECT X 2, 3… XDelete Search
X 2a,3a…
2b,3b…
X
UPDATE Searched
X 2a,3a…
2b,3b…
X
DELETE Positioned
X
UPDATE Positioned
X
OPEN XFETCH XCLOSE XINSERT XSUSPEND XRESUME X
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Explicit Parameters
> Used to pass values to table procedure
> Specify via table procedure reference By position
Keyword/value pairs
> Specify in a WHERE clause, passed if They are part of an equality test
Equality test is not combined with OR
Equality test not preceded by NOT
> “Where” filters output from table procedure
SELECT * FROM EMP.ORG (MGR_ID = 7) WHERE EMP_ID = 127
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Explicit Parameters Passed by Operation
> Open Selection criteria from WHERE Parameter values in procedure reference Default value if WITH DEFAULT specified in definition
> Update row Previous “Next Row” values Overlaid with SET value
> Insert row From VALUES of INSERT or SELECT Defaults or nulls
> Other calls Undefined input
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Explicit Parameters To Return
> From table procedure to SQL engine
> Always return a value for SQLSTATE Required to determine subsequent call
02000 or 38000 required to terminate processing
> If operation code is NEXT ROW Provide values for all parameters
Set indicator variables to -1 if no value
> Optional 80-byte message area (embedded in standard DB message)
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SQLSTATE
Value Description SQL Engine Action
00000 Request was Next call (see chart); orsuccessful return to application
01Hxx Success with Next call (see chart); or warning return to application
02000 No more rows to Close call; or be returned return to application
38xxx Procedure Rollback any changes and detected an error return to application
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TBLPROC Example
SELECT * FROM DEMOEMPL.TBLPROC WHERE E_ID = 371;
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TBLPROC Example (cont.)
SQL Engine TBLPROC
E_ID = 371E_ID_I = 0Command=SELECTOperation=OPEN
Check OperationCall OPEN SectionBind RUBind EmployeeReady AreaSave E_ID if not null
SQLSTATE = 00000Evaluate SQLSTATE 00000, so NEXT
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TBLPROC Example (cont.)
SQL Engine TBLPROC
Command=SELECTOperation=NEXT
Check OperationCall NEXT SectionCheck CALC-DONE flagObtain CALC EmployeeSet flag CALC-DONE
E_ID = 0371E_ID_I = 0E_NAME=Beth CloudE_NAME_I = 0E_ADDRESS=3456 Pinky LnE_ADDRESS_I = 0SQLSTATE = 00000
Evaluate SQLSTATE 00000, so evaluate returned row with where clause values Then issue NEXT
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TBLPROC Example (cont.)
SQL Engine TBLPROC
SQLSTATE = 02000
Command=SELECTOperation=NEXT
Check Operation
Call NEXT Section Check CALC-DONEReturn no more rows
Evaluate SQLSTATE 02000, so CLOSE
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TBLPROC Example (cont.)
SQL Engine TBLPROC
SQLSTATE = 00000
Command=SELECTOperation=CLOSE
Check OperationCall CLOSE Section FINISH
Evaluate SQLSTATE 0000, so return to application
CA IDMSTM SQL Quick Bridge
Function and Use
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SQL Quick Bridge: QO93444
> GUI front-end
> Uses existing ODBC data source definitions
> Pull-down menus
> Structured approach to walk network structure Specify schema, subschema
Walk record from top to bottom in network structure
Specify desired records, key fields, target elements
> Generates definition, sysgen program statement and COBOL program
> Can upload all components to CV
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Connect to Data Source
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Define New Table Procedure:- SQL schema, name, external name- Specify network schema & subschema- Specify supported DML statements
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Entry Point- Calc or index record- Specify calckey or sortkey
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Path Records- Drill down using sets- Identify key fields for each record
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Identify Target Record- Identify desired fields- Auxiliary records as desired
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Generate Then Upload
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Live Demo
Summary
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Session Summary
> Use table procedures When SQL access is required
When direct SQL DML access doesn’t meet needs
To access certain network database structures
For some performance reasons
> Table Procedures CrEATE: follow the steps
Return multiple rows from a single call
Are highly structured in storage layout and code
Must interpret parms to direct flow of control
Must set value for SQLSTATE on every call
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Session Summary (cont.)
> SQL Quick Bridge GUI front-end for developing Table Procedures
Walks network CA IDMS database
Entry record: chose Calc or Indexed record
Path records: top-down hierarchical structure
Target record: lowest in hierarchy
Auxiliary records
Generate & upload
> Test and verify results
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For More Information
> Recorded Webcast: http://ca.com/us/webcasts/ondemand/default.aspx CA IDMSTM Modernization: Overview of CA IDMSTM SQL Routines CA IDMSTM Modernization: CA IDMSTM Procedures, Advanced Topics
> support.ca.com CA IDMS knowledge documents Product manuals
– CA IDMS SQL Reference Guide– CA IDMS r17 Release Summary (available at GA)
Technical support
> Analyst white paper on CA IDMS modernization and SOA Leveraging CA IDMS™ Business Value for Innovation See ca.com/idms under Analyst Reports
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CA WORLD 2008: November 16th – 20th
The Venetian Congress Center and Sands Expo, Las Vegas
> The biggest Mainframe ISV Event in the world in 2008!
> CA IDMS sessions in Mainframe and Multi-Platform Application Development Focus Area
Customer, Partner and CA speakers
Optimization, Modernization, SOA and r17 sessions
> Pre-conference Education EC802EN CA IDMS: Implementing and Maintaining the Database
EC801EN CA IDMS Performance and Tuning
> Networking Opportunities Technical Campground, Birds-of-a-Feather session,
Exhibition Center, Power lunches
> Visit www.caworld.com for more details
Questions & Answers
Thank You for
Attending Today’s Webcast